Chapter 3: Muscles

- physis

growth

oste/o

bone

crani/o

head, skull

cervic/o

neck

spondyl/o

vertebra

lumb/o

loin, lower back

brachi/o

arm

dactyl/o

finger

carp/o

wrist

cost/o

ribs

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

tars/o

ankle

Flexion

When a joint bends

Extension:

Joint straightens

Abduction:

Widening the joint to move parts away from the body

Adduction:

Joints narrow to bring parts back toward the body

Tendons:

Muscle to Bone

Ligaments:

Bone to Bone

Bursae

sacs of synovial fluid under many tendons to help keep muscle and bone moving

chondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

Cardiac Muscle

- striated

- involuntary

- found in heart

Smooth Muscle

- Involuntary

- lines hollow organs

Skeletal Muscle:

- Striated

- voluntary

- incased in fascia

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

tendon

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

muscle

fasci/o

fascia

ton/o

tone, tension

kinesi/o

movement, motion

tax/o

order, arrangement, coordination

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

costalgia

rib pain

metatarsalgia

Pain in the foot bones

Ostalgia

Bone pain

Osteodynia

Bone pain

Spondylodynia

vertebra pain

Tibialgia

Tibia (shin) pain

Ankylosis

joint stiffness

Anthralgia

joint pain

Arthrodynia

joint pain

Cervicodynia

Neck pain

Crepitation

Crackling sounds heard in joints

Genu Valgum

Knock Knees

genu varum

bow legged

Bradykinesia

Slow Movement

Dyskinesia

Inability to control movement

Dystaxia

poor coordination

Dystonia

Poor muscle tone

Graphospasm

writer's cramp

Hyperkinesia

increase in muscle movement or activity

Hypertonia

increased muscle tone or tightness

Myalgia

Muscle pain

Myasthenia

muscle weakness

Myodynia

Muscle Pain

Myospasm

muscle spasm

Tenalgia

Tendon pain

Atrophy

to waste away

Hypertrophy

increase in muscle size

Arthrocentesis

puncture of joint

arthroscope

instrument for looking at joint

arthroscopy

procedure for looking at joints

electromyogram

a record of the electrical activity in a muscle

electromyography

a procedure for measuring the electrical activity in muscle

myography

procedure for studying muscles

arthrogram

Visual record of a joint

arthrography

a procedure used to examine a joint

Computed axial tomography

imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

kyphosis

hump back

lordosis

sway back

scoliosis

crooked back

carpitis

wrist inflammation

craniomalacia

softening of skull

exotosis

abnormal growth of bone out of another bone

fracture

a bone break

osteodystrophy

poor bone development

osteolysis

bone loss

osteonecrosis

death of bone

osteosclerosis

abnormal hardening of bone

polydactyly

extra fingers or toes

spondylitis

inflammation of vertebrae

spondylomalacia

softening of vertabra

syndactyly

fusion of fingers or toes

tarsoptosis

flat feet

bursolith

stone in a bursa

effusion

fluid build up

hemarthrosis

blood in joints

hydrarthrosis

water (fluid) in joint

pyarthrosis

pus in joint

atrophy

underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue

myocele

hernia of muscle

myolysis

loss of muscle tissue

myomalacia

softening of muscle

myotasis

stretching of muscle

myotonia

muscle tone

ankylosing spondylitis

stiffening inflammation of vertabrae

chondro-osteodystrophy

poor development of cartilage and bone

craniosyntosis

premature fusing of the the skull bone

dactylitis

inflammation of fingers