SET 2 - History of Art: ID-2241: Exam 4

Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic Art

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

"carpet page" - Lindisfarne Gospel

late 7th c.

Medieval/Migratory Art

• Tells the story of the gospels

• frontispiece

• Cloisonne

• Cruciform

• Interlace patterning 

  • Uses ink to represent an outline 

  • Animal - bird

  • Stretch all around and woven 

  • Holy Dove, holy spirit

Romanesque cross-section

Romanesque floor plan

• Basicila Plan - cruciform shape 

  • Portal/Narthex - beginning of pilgrimage of the church itself

  • Nave

  • ambulatory

  • Apse

  • Radiating chapel: where the relics were held

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Eadwine the Scribe -  Eadwine Psalter

1160-1170

Romanesque Art

• Rounded Roman arch 

  • Triforium wall

• Interlace patterning 

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Sainte-Chapelle, Paris

1248

Gothic Art 

• Louis IX built Sainte-Chapelle to hold these relics:

  • A crown of Thorns 

  • A fragment of the cross

  • The spear of Longiuns 

  • The sponge from the crucifixion

  • A stone from the sepulchre

• Small, but tall

  • ascending upward 

• Buttress

• Large rose window

• Interior has more glass than stone 

• Blue-stained glass

• Pointed Arch 

• Ribbed groin vault 

• Over 1100 scences represented

  • church almost becoes teh manuscript illumination

  • read the church

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Psalter of St. Louis

1270

Gothic Art

• Represented Abraham and the angels - Genesis 18

• A tree is a pointed arch 

• Church with a rose window in the back 

• Interlace patterning on the frame

Name?

Where?

Period?

Facts?

Sutton Hoo: Anglo-Saxon burial site

Suffolk, England

Medieval Art

• At least 14 burial mounds

• one of which is an Anglo-Saxon period ship burial

• 7 miles from the North Sea

• Made out of wood

  • No wood survived

• Bronze rivets

• One body found: Rædwald

  • King of the Anglo-Saxons

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Sutton Hoo Mund 1 treasure, Helmet

625

Medieval Art/Migratory

• Helmet 

  • Neowulf 

  • epic poem 

  • Oldest English poem

  • Hero travels to Denmark to slay the demon Grendel

  • Warrior Code: responsibility and allegiance 

  • Interlace patterning

  • Cloisonne

  • Recreated helmet, British Museum

Cloisonne

Wire as outlines

Enamel

Ground glass paste

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Sutton Hoo treasure, Purse lid

625

Medieval Art/Migratory

• Purse lid

  • It might have been attached to a leather component

  • Before they started to settle, so needed a lot of things that needed to be easy to carry

  • Gold

  • Cloisonne

  • Enamel

  • Interlace patterning 

  • Heraldic composition 

  • Eagle/duck

  • Tells story of the hero

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Oseburg ship burial: Viking

825

Medieval Art/Migratory

• Made out of Oak Wood

• Interlace patterning

  • Dragons stretched out and were woven together

• Animal head mast/post

  • maybe dogs - hunting companion and weapon

  • interlace patterning

  • barking/snarling

manuscript illumination

book, personal object that they can carry with them

• frontispiece

  • Cloisonne

  • Cruciform

  • Interlace patterning

• carpet page

• prototypes

  • master template

    • pricking tools to recreate

  • consistent imagery

  • making it clear

Romanesque Architecture

11th c

The Crusades

• Military campainfn sanctioned by the Catholic church

• to gain acces tot he holy land a nd jersulem

• were organized in part to bring back artfifacts from the Holy land that were connected to the life Christ, Viirgin Mary, and other saints

• Wood from the cross

• thorn from corwn of thorns

• artifacrs = “relics”

• Encades in reliquareis (boxes)

• distrubuted to various catholic churces

• Organized “primges“

• Churches were designed to resembles reliquaries

Romanesque Church

• Large to host large numbers of pilgrims

• Constructed out of stone - stonemasonary

• NO concrete

• Basicila Plan - cruciform shape 

  • Portal/Narthex - beginning of pilgrimage of the church itself

  • Nave

  • ambulatory

  • Apse

  • Radiating chapel: where the relics were held

• Triadic 

• Triforium 

• Use of the Arch

  • Call back to the Roman Arch

  • Barrel vault

  • Groin vault

  • Ribbed groin vault

relics

artifacts

reliquaries

boxes to “protect“ artfiacts

stonemasonry

symbolizes “stone box“, protecting relics

Triforium

three-part stacking

Groin vault

intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults

subdivides the weight of materials

tarsnfers weight into 4-8 sections

ribbed groin vault

groin vault edged with stone ribs

Gothic

• relic: Mantle of the Virgin Mary

• Mantel: Veil

• “Assumption of Mary“

• No physical body

• Believed that she ascended to heaven and no earthly limbs were left behind

• Acquired a blue silk cloth believed to be worn at the birth of Christ

• Shift away from the Romanesque round Roman arch to the Gothic pointed arch

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Abbot Suger - abbey church of St. Denis

1140-1144

Gothic

• Addition to church, 12th centuary

• Earlier church, 10th centuary, Roamnsque

• Abbot Suger: redesign of the aspe of Abbey Church

• Stone and glass added

• Open, not compartmentalized

• Stained-glass windows: light-filled, radiant

• Pointed Gothic arch

• Groin vault with pointed Gothic arch

• canopy-like vaulting: open, floating weightless

• Does not look like that sturdy stone box

• Addtion of glass, transparency

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Chartres Cathedral, France

begun 1134

Gothic Art

• Transparency, stained glass or opening

• Does not have the appearance of solid block of stone

• Ribbed Groin Vault

• Pointed Gothic arch

• Gothic floor plan

• Buttresses 

  • Flying buttresses

• Gothic Triforium wall - more open 

• Rose Window 1220

Gothic floor plan

• Larger aspe, almost half of the church

• More integration from nave to aspe

• More glass than stone

• Pointed Arch

• Vaulting

• weightless canopy-like

Buttress

Structure which shifts transference of weight to a “propping function“

happens thorugh the exterior walls

flying buttress

Open

Attach to the buttress pier

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

Rose Window - Chartres Cathedral, France

begun 1220

Gothic Art

• A circle-like shape with petal shapes radiating from the center

• Stone tracery on the outside defines outlines

  • Connection to Closionne

• Stained glass in the interior

• Hugh of St. Victor - stained glass windows have imagery that enlightens people to Christian doctrine and should not just be decorative

  • Unfolding the perfection of the Christian world

• relic at Chartres: Mantle of the Virgin mary

• Blue color - Mary’s drapery she wore at the birth of Christ

• drapery = groin vault

  • weightless

Stained Glass

light from Heaven passes through/illuminates biblical stories

Name?

Date?

Period?

Facts?

S. Sernin, Toulouse, France,

1070-1120

Romanesque

• stone church (stone masonry, signifies sturdiness, protection)

• cruciform

• Basilica plan

• ribbed barrel vaulting,

• round "Roman" arch

• triforium (weight of stone in vaulted ceiling transferred down through triforium into foundation)