DRRR (2ND QUARTER)

Disaster

a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of

(1) the exposure to a hazard

(2) the conditions of vulnerability that are present

(3) and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences.

minor damage

broken windows and doors

major damage

torn rooftops, collapsed walls

total destruction

completely destroyed houses and structures rendering them useless and inhabitable & the worst scenario, it can lead to death.

Impacts of Disasters

-Loss of life

-Physical, mental, and social wellbeing

-Loss of services -Injury

-Damage to properties

-Economic disruptions

-Disease -Destruction of assets

-Environmental degradation

Republic Act 10121

An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds, Therefore and Other Purposes

Passed and approved on

May 27, 2010

Immediate release of calamity funds to _____________________ so they can prepare for disaster mitigation and preparedness

local government units (LGU)

The LGUs can utilize ______ of the total calamity fund to risk-reduction measures and ______ to quick response activities

70% and 30%

Natural Disaster

a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures.

Hazard

a source or condition that has the potential to cause harm to humans in the form of injury or illness, property damage, environmental damage, or a combination of these.

natural hazard

occurs when an extreme natural event is destructive to human life and property. they only become hazards when humans are affected in some way.

Risk

has various connotations within different disciplines.

Risk

“the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences” (UNISDR, 2009).

Risk

It is usually associated with the degree to which humans cannot cope (lack of capacity) with a situation (e.g. natural hazard).

Disaster Risk

refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period.

damage

the product of the possible _______ caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community. the effect of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35).

other term for hazards

natural or anthropogenic

vulnerability to a ________________

Hazard

reduction, mitigation, and resilience

coping capacity linked to the ___________, ______________, and ________________ to the vulnerability of a community.

Risk Factors

are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity.

Climate Change

Can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns

Environmental Degradation

Changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards.

deforestation

For instance, ___________ of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges.

Globalized Economic Development

It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale.

Poverty and Inequality

Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.

Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development

The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty. Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many cities are seen to overlap with areas of high-risk exposure.

Weak Governance

Public officials are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services

Geographical Location

The Philippines is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to natural disasters. The country's location makes it vulnerable to storms that cause flooding, mudslides, and typhoons. Furthermore, the Philippines is vulnerable to tsunamis due to the presence of offshore trenches such as the Manila Trench. Regrettably, the list does not stop there. The Philippines also sits above the Ring of Fire, a path that runs through the Pacific Ocean basin

Displaced Populations

When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature, many people need to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water.

Health Risks

Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Without emergency relief from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise even after the immediate danger has passed.

Food Scarcity

The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies. Thousands of people around the world are hungry because of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.

Emotional Aftershocks

Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children. Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma. Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and emotional distress

Physical Perspective

Natural disasters generally affect physical infrastructural facilities, agricultural productivity and even lead to loss of life and cause damage to property.

Psychological Perspective

Victims of disasters may suffer from serious mental health conditions, which are not being given much attention to by the authorities or even by the victims themselves.

Socio-Cultural Perspective

Filipinos are generally known as “matiisin”, resourceful, helpful, optimistic, and prayerfu

Economic Perspective

Disasters affect the economic condition of a community because they reduce local and international trade.

Political Perspective

Government agencies have a significant role to play in directing disaster preparedness, prevention and recovery

Biological Perspective

The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as biological disaster

Hazards

Harmful conditions, substances, human behavior, or conditions that can cause loss of life, injury or other health effects, harm to property, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or damage to the environment.

Exposure

the presence of elements at risk or chance of being harmed from a natural or man-made hazard event.

Vulnerability

the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset, that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard and inability of a community to prevent, mitigate, prepare for and respond to hazardous events.

Risk

the probability of possible adverse effects. This results from the interaction of social and environmental systems, from the combination of physical danger, and exposed item vulnerabilities.

Disaster

s a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or society which causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses that exceed the capacity of the community or society concerned to cope with the use of their own resources.

Disaster

It results from the mix of hazards, risk conditions and inadequate capability or measures

Exposure and vulnerability

are distinct. A certain community can be exposed but it does not mean that it is vulnerable. Buildings and structures in Japan are exposed to earthquake, but they are not vulnerable since their architectural and engineering designs are earthquake proof or resistant. However, to become vulnerable, it must be exposed to hazard first.

Exposure to hazard

_________ __ ________ can make a community vulnerable. But not all communities that are exposed to hazard can be considered vulnerable.

Vulnerability

depends on the preparedness and readiness to a hazard of the community. It depends mostly on how they mitigate, respond, and recover. If a certain community has the ability to reduce vulnerability by reducing the risk, the said community is already considered as less vulnerable or resilient.)

Physical impact

Physical injuries (bone fracture, wounds, bruises)

Destruction and loss of vital

______________ and ______ __ ____infrastructure like transportation systems, roads, bridges, power lines and communication lines

Psychological impact

Grief and psychological illness

Psychological impact conflict

Marital conflict

Depression

__________due to loss of loved ones and properties

Psychological impact like

Chronic anxiety

Socio- cultural impact is a

Displacement of population

Socio- cultural impact lost of?

Loss of cultural identity

Forced

________ of adoption of new sets of culture

Socio- cultural impact conflict

Ethnic conflicts

displacement

Economic impact, loss of job due to?

livestock

Economic impact loss of havest and?

fish cages and sources of food

Economic impact,loss of farms, ______ _____ and other ______ ___ _______

money and other valuables

Economic impact, Loss of _______ and _______ _____________

forest

Environmental impact, lost of ______due to forest fires

fresh water

Environmental impact, lost of ______ due to salination

biodiversity

Environmental impact, disturbance of _________________

natural

Environmental impact, Loss of _____ rivers

people, flora and fauna

Biological impact, Epidemic to _______, _______ and _______

Chronic and permanent illness

Biological impact, ___________ and ____________ _________________ caused by biological agents

Proliferation

Biological impact, _______________ of different viral diseases

Hazard identification

is the process of determining all physical and nonphysical agents in the workplace or specific environment.

Risk assessment

is a way to determine which hazards and risks should be prioritized by taking into consideration the probability and severity of impact.

Identify the hazards. Use the following methods

• Observation

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

• Hazard and risk surveys

• Discussion groups

• Safety audits

Observation

use your senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch - combined with knowledge and experience.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

obtain them from manufacturers and suppliers. It gives information on possible harm from hazardous substances and precautions that need to be taken.

Hazard and risk surveys

interview other people about their safety concerns as far as the workplace is concerned. The utmost consideration should be given to children or visitors who could be at risk.

Discussion groups

are useful for identifying hazards and recommending solutions.

Safety audits

a committee must be assigned to periodically check safety in the area.

Assess the Risk.

Once a hazard has been identified, the likelihood and possible severity of injury or harm will need to be assessed before determining the best way to minimize the risk.

Make the changes.

Once risks are assessed, the next step is to decide on some necessary changes

with something less hazardous,

removing the hazard and replacing it _____ _______ _____ _________________

exhausts

installation of ________, safety barriers and safety exits, modification of procedures

Vulnerability

is a state of being at risk

Republic Act 10121

‘Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

Republic Act 10121 means

vulnerability is defined as the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or resource that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

Specific

Vulnerability is situation

Earthquake

This means that if a specific province is prone to ______________, it does not mean that all localities on that province is vulnerable to it.

Less Vulnerable and Resilient

This further means that to make the community _____________ it must be __________

Moreover, it is also hazard

specific

typhoons

A community that is vulnerable to earthquake hazard does not necessarily mean that it is also vulnerable to ________.

traits

Hazards have different _______that can influence the disasters possible to happen.

Factors affecting vulnerability of one’s community:

1. Population density near a hazard event

2. Capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk

differs

Population density near a hazard event, Population ______from population density

individuals inhabiting

Population refers to the number of _____________ __________ in a particular space at the same time. If people are well distributed, there is lesser effect of disaster.

the space is very small

If population density is high, it means that the number of individuals but _________________________________.

Community that is less vulnerable has the capacity to reduce disaster risk because

• It can provide accessibility and availability of services and facilities during and after disaster

• It has the ability to anticipate, adapt, and respond to possible disaster.

anticipate, adapt, and respond

It has the ability to _________, ___________, and ____________ to possible disaster.

predict super typhoon and several municipalities

Nowadays, our country has advanced technology to ______ ________ ________ ___ ________ ____________ already provided evacuation centers to provide temporary housing for victims when disaster occur.