CHEMISTRY MediaLab Question bank

TIBC (total iron-binding capacity) is an indirect measurement of which of the following:

Ferritin

Hemoglobin

Ceruloplasmin

Transferrin

Transferrin

Which of the following analytes would be increased due to delay in centrifugation?

Creatinine

Ionized Calcium

Folate

Bicarbonate

Creatinine

Which of the following tests confirms the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria:

Protein electrophoresis

Sulfosalicylic acid precipitation

Cryoprecipitation

Immunoelectrophoresis

Immunoelectrophoresis

All of the following are considered cutaneous porphyrias, EXCEPT?

Porphyria cutanea tarda

Acute intermittent porphyria

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria

Erythropoietic protoporphyria

Acute intermittent porphyria

Which of the following blood tests is used in the determination of prostate cancer?

Acid phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT)

Creatinine

Acid phosphatase

Which of the following blood tests is used to determine acute pancreatitis?

Acid phosphatase

Uric acid

Amylase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Amylase

You are collecting a blood specimen to be used for forensic (legal) alcohol testing. Which of the following must be done before you can start the specimen collection process?

Label the tubes in the presence of the patient.

Must inform the patient that the blood about to be collected is for alcohol testing.

Seal the collection tubes in front of the patient.

Collect the specimen, the patient does not need to be informed what the blood is collected for.

Must inform the patient that the blood about to be collected is for alcohol testing.

To assess drug concentrations during the trough phase:

Blood should be drawn about one hour after the administration of an oral dose of the drug.

Blood should be drawn about half an hour before the next dose is given.

Blood should be drawn about two hours after the administration of an oral dose of the drug.

Blood should be drawn immediately before the next dose is given.

Blood should be drawn immediately before the next dose is given.

An obese adult with premature arteriosclerosis is seen in the clinic. When her serum is tested no chylomicrons are present, LDL levels are normal, and VLDL levels are increased. There is an increase in triglycerides and a slight increase in cholesterol. Lipoprotein electrophoresis reveals a heavy pre-beta band. She has no skin rash and uric acid is increased. This patient most likely has what type of hyperlipoproteinemia?

Type I

Type Ill

Type IV

Type V

Type IV

The measurement of sodium and chloride in the sweat is the most useful test for the diagnosis of what condition/disease?

Steatorrhea

Direct determination of the exocrine secretory capacity of the pancreas.

Cystic fibrosis

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Cystic fibrosis

All of the following laboratory tests are used to determine kidney function, EXCEPT?

Creatinine

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Amylase

Phosphorus

Amylase

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding troponin as a marker of myocardial infarction (MI)?

It rises much sooner after a myocardial infarction than CK-MB.

It stays elevated much longer than CK-MB.

It is potentially more specific as a cardiac marker than CK-MB.

Troponin T is often elevated in renal failure patients.

It rises much sooner after a myocardial infarction than CK-MB.

An electrophoretic separation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme that demonstrates elevation in LD-I greater than LD-2 could be indicative of:

A normal LD isoenzyme pattern

Hemolysis

Pancreatitis

Hepatic injury

Hemolysis

Which of the following action describes the MAJOR property of antidiuretic hormone?

Acts on proximal tubules.

Changes distal tubule water permeability

Acts on Na/K/(H') pump

Cannot be affected by diuretics

Changes distal tubule water permeability

Which compound normally contains the majority of the body's total iron?

Hemoglobin

Enzymes

Myoglobin

Cytochromes

Hemoglobin

What is the cause of iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis?

Absorption of excessive amounts of iron in the small intestine

Ingestion of excessive amounts of iron from diet or supplements

Inability of the body to excrete normal amounts of dietary iron

Failure of developing red blood cells to incorporate iron into protoporphyrin IX

Absorption of excessive amounts of iron in the small intestine

Toxic levels of lithium can cause lethargy, apathy, muscle weakness up to and including seizures and coma. What is the toxic level of lithium?

0.5-1.2 mmol/L

1.2-1.5 mmol/L

1.5-2 mmol/L

>2 mmol/L

1.5-2 mmol/L

The accuracy of an immunoassay is its ability to discriminate between results that are true positive and results that are true negative. Two parameters of test accuracy are specificity and sensitivity. Which of these statements apply to an immunoassay with high specificity?

Accurately identifies the presence of disease

Accurately identifies the absence of disease

Has many false-positives

Has few false-negatives

Accurately identifies the absence of disease

High levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) are associated with:

Decreased cardiovascular risk

Increased cardiovascular risk

Increased renal failure risk

Increased liver failure risk

Increased cardiovascular risk

Which one of the following statements about lead poisoning is false?

While lead distributes to all tissues, the central nervous system, kidney, and bone marrow are particularly susceptible to lead toxicity

Whole blood lead measurement is the best test for detecting lead toxicity

Serum lead level is a good inexpensive screening test for lead toxicity

Lead levels below 5 pg/dL in children do not prompt ongoing monitoring

Serum lead level is a good inexpensive screening test for lead toxicity

An electrophoretic separation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme that demonstrates elevation in LD-I greater than LD-2 could be indicative of:

A normal LD isoenzyme pattern

Hemolysis

Pancreatitis

Hepatic injury

Hemolysis

Approximately how many doses are required to obtain a steady-state oscillation allowing for peak and trough levels to be evaluated?

1 to 2

3 to 4

5 to 7

>10

5 to 7

All of the following carbohydrates are considered reducing sugars EXCEPT:

Lactose

Sucrose

Glucose

Ribose

Sucrose

Which marker is most useful for the detection of gestational trophoblastic disease?

CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen)

AFP (a-fetoprotein)

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

CA-125 (cancer antigen 125)

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Which of the following tests require a 72-hour stool (fecal) collection?

Occult blood

Quantitative fecal fat

Ova and Parasite (O&P)

Stool culture

Quantitative fecal fat

A hepatic function panel A consists of which of the following tests?

AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase, Total Protein, Albumin, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Glucose, BUN, Creatinine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, C02, Calcium

Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, HDL, Triglycerides

Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, C02

AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase, Total Protein, Albumin, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Which of the following analytes would be decreased due to delay in centrifugation?

Ionized Calcium

Potassium

ALT

AST

Ionized Calcium

Which of the following tests confirms the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria:

Protein electrophoresis

Sulfosalicylic acid precipitation

Cryoprecipitation

Immunoelectrophoresis

Immunoelectrophoresis

In a normal CSF the protein concentration as compared to that in the plasma is generally:

Less than 50%

Less than 30%

Less than 10%

Less than 1%

Less than 1%

To assess drug concentrations during the trough phase:

Blood should be drawn about one hour after the administration of an oral dose of the drug.

Blood should be drawn about half an hour before the next dose is given.

Blood should be drawn about two hours after the administration of an oral dose of the drug.

Blood should be drawn immediately before the next dose is given.

Blood should be drawn immediately before the next dose is given.

Which of the following blood tests is used in the determination of prostate cancer?

Acid phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT)

Creatinine

Acid phosphatase

The measurement of sodium and chloride in the sweat is the most useful test for the diagnosis of what condition/disease?

Steatorrhea

Direct determination of the exocrine secretory capacity of the pancreas.

Cystic fibrosis

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Cystic fibrosis

All of the following are causes of hypernatremia EXCEPT:

Excess water loss

Low aldosterone production

Decreased water intake

Increased sodium intake or retention

Low aldosterone production

What is a typical finding for determining the endpoint for the initial or iron-depletion phase of treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)?

The serum ferritin decreases to between 20 and 50 ng/mL

The hepatic iron index returns to normal

The transferrin saturation drops below 20%

The serum iron falls to below 35 ug/dL.

The serum ferritin decreases to between 20 and 50 ng/mL

Which of the following conditions would be suggested by a jaundiced patient experiencing a marked rise in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), conjugated bilirubin, and a slight rise in alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?

Cardiovascular disease

Hepatitis

Post-hepatic cholestasis

Renal failure

Post-hepatic cholestasis

All of the following hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids, glycerol, and fatty acids, EXCEPT?

Insulin

Thyroxine (T 4)

Cortisol

Glucagon

Insulin

Which cardiac biomarker is a regulator of myocyte contraction?

Myoglobin

cTnT

CK-MB

CK-MB isoforms

cTnT

All of the following conditions would be associated with an increased level of alpha-fetoprotein, EXCEPT?

Prostate Cancer

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Viral Hepatitis

Testicular Tumors

Prostate Cancer

Which one of the following cardiac biomarkers could detect a recent reinfarction?

Troponin I (Tnl)

Troponin T (TnT)

Lactate dehydrogenase (LD)

Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB)

Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB)

After complaining to her physician about persistent pelvic pain and abdominal pressure, Mrs. Smith, had laboratory testing ordered. Since her physician would like to rule-out ovarian cancer, which of the following assays would be most helpful?

CEA

CA125

CA19-9

PSA

CA125

The immunoassay procedure for serum hCG utilizes antisera against which subunit of hCG?

Alpha

Gamma

Epsilon

Beta

Beta

All of the following hormones increase or decrease plasma glucose concentration by regulating glycogenolysis (converting glycogen to glucose) EXCEPT?

Cortisol

Glucagon

Epinephrine

Insulin

Cortisol

Circulating organic iodine is found primarily in the form of:

Triiodothyronine

Parathyroid hormone

Thyroglobulin

Thyroxine

Thyroxine

A male patient's urea nitrogen value is 15 mg/dL and his creatinine is 5 mg/dL. If this patient is not undergoing dialysis, what conclusion would you draw from these results?

The Patient’s lab results are normal

The patient is in the early stage of renal disease

One of the values is in error

The patient has suffered muscle deterioration

One of the values is in error

Which of the following blood tests is used to evaluate liver function?

Amylase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Creatinine

Uric acid

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Creatinine excretion correlates best with which of the following parameters:

Age

Sex

Muscle mass

Bodyweight

Muscle Mass

Currently the MOST common method for the confirmation of serum barbiturates is:

Immunoassay

Thin-layer chromatography

Gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry

Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy

Gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry

Which of the following contributes most to serum osmolality:

Magnesium

Albumin

Potassium

Sodium

Sodium

If CSF tubes numbered #1 , #2 and #3 CANNOT be analyzed within one hour, the correct procedure for the microbiology sample tube is to:

Refrigerate it

Freeze it

Leave it at room temperature

Incubate in a 56-degree water bath

Leave it at room temperature

Which one of the following serum constituents is increased following strenuous exercise?

Creatinine

Total lipids

Sodium

Iron

Creatinine

Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to uncompensated metabolic alkalosis?

pH will be elevated without an elevation of pC02

pH will be elevated with an elevation of pC02

pH will be elevated with a decrease in pC02

pH will be normal with an elevation of pC02

pH will be elevated without an elevation of pC02

Fluorometers are designed so that the path of the excitation light is at a right angle to the path of the emitted light. What is the purpose of this design?

Prevent the loss of emitted light

Prevent the loss of the excitation light

Focus emitted and excitation light upon the detector

Prevent incident light from striking the detector

Prevent incident light from striking the detector

All of the following anticoagulants will produce a significant effect on calcium levels in plasma, EXCEPT?

EDTA

Heparin

Oxalates

Citrates

Heparin

A hospitalized patient has a decreased serum copper level and increased urine copper level. This is MOST consistent with:

Wilson's disease

Addison's disease

Parathyroid disease

Not clinically significant

Wilson's disease

All of the following are therapeutic drugs used to treat cardiac disease, EXCEPT?

Carbamazepine

Digoxin

Procainamide

Quinidine

Carbamazepine

A characteristic of a good cardiac biomarker is that:

=

It can be detected only if it is present in a HIGH concentration in the peripheral blood.

It can be detected even if it is present in a LOW concentration in the peripheral blood.

It can be detected only if it is present in a HIGH concentration in urine.

It can be detected even if it is present in a LOW concentration in urine.

It can be detected even if it is present in a LOW concentration in the peripheral blood.

Elevation in conjugated bilirubin is most likely to be found in which of the following conditions?

Transfusion reactions

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Crigler-Najar syndrome

Biliary obstruction

Biliary obstruction

Ionized calcium is currently most commonly measured using which of the following method?

Flame photometry

Color complex formation between calcium and o-cresolphthalein

Atomic absorption

Calcium ion selective electrodes

Calcium ion selective electrodes

Pernicious anemia refers to cobalamin deficiency that results from a lack of which of the following?

Vitamin B12

Intrinsic Factor

Folate

Vitamin C

Intrinsic Factor

A Renal Function Panel consists of which of the following tests?

AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase, Total Protein, Albumin, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, HDL, Triglycerides

Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, C02

Glucose, BUN, Creatinine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, C02, Calcium, Albumin, Phosphorus

Glucose, BUN, Creatinine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, C02, Calcium, Albumin, Phosphorus

Which of the following is the principle for the biuret method for total protein analysis?

Digestion of protein; measurement of nitrogen content

Formation of violet-colored chelate between Cu2+ ions and peptide bonds

Globulins are precipitated in high salt concentrations

Proteins separated based on electric charge

Formation of violet-colored chelate between Cu2+ ions and peptide bonds

Methotrexate is a highly toxic medication that blocks DNA synthesis in all cells. What medication needs to be administered after methotrexate to prevent cytotoxic effects in normal cells of the body?

Theophylline

Leucovorin

Digoxin

Vancomycin

Leucovorin

A 46-year old known alcoholic with liver damage is brought to the ER unconscious. One would expect lipid values to be affected in what way?

Increased

Decreased

Normal

Unaffected by the alcoholism

Increased