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The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that
A) most were sentenced to prison for life.
B) several were executed for treason.
C) after brief jail terms all were pardoned in 1868.
D) they were immediately returned to citizenship and full civil rights.
E) many went into exile in slaveholding Brazil.
C) after brief jail terms all were pardoned in 1868.
In the postwar South
A) the economy was utterly devastated.
B) the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence.
C) the much-feared inflation never materialized.
D) industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish.
E) poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.
A) the economy was utterly devastated.
At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners
A) reluctantly supported the federal government.
B) began planning a new rebellion.
C) saw their former slaves in a new light.
D) asked for pardons so that they could once again hold political office and vote.
E) still believed that their view of secession was correct.
E) still believed that their view of secession was correct.
Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War
A) occurred immediately with the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) caused large numbers to migrate to the big cities in the North.
C) came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy.
D) was achieved without the use of Union soldiers.
E) was a source of considerable anxiety.
C) came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy.
For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except
A) the ability to search for lost family.
B) the right to get married.
C) the opportunity to form their own churches.
D) the opportunity for an education.
E) that large numbers would move north.
E) that large numbers would move north.
In 1865, Southern
A) whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to secede and win Southern independence.
B) whites rapidly turned their slaves into paid employees.
C) blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters.
D) blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
E) blacks looked to the federal government for help.
D) blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
The "Exodusters" westward mass migration to Kansas finally faltered when
A) homesteading on the Great Plains proved more difficult than expected..
B) the Fifteenth Amendment was passed.
C) steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi.
D) white Kansans passed strict segregation laws..
E) none of the above.
C) steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi.
The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in
A) its distribution of land.
B) education.
C) the provision of food and clothing.
D) helping people to find employment.
E) all of the above.
B) education.
The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as
A) a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
B) an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
C) a valued partner in rebuilding the South.
D) more helpful in the North than the South.
E) a threat to state social service agencies.
A) a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was
A) a valuable agency.
B) acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
C) a tolerable compromise with the radical Congress.
D) a potential source of Republican patronage jobs.
E) a meddlesome agency that should be killed.
E) a meddlesome agency that should be killed.
Andrew Johnson was named Lincoln's second-term vice president because
A) he championed a strong federal government.
B) he would politically attract War Democrats and pro-Union southerners.
C) he would appeal to the hard-drinking anti-temperance vote.
D) he had been an effective Republican leader for years.
E) President Lincoln admired his personal integrity and courage.
B) he would politically attract War Democrats and pro-Union southerners.
As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as
A) a supporter of the planter aristocrats.
B) an opponent of slavery.
C) an inspiring and calmly eloquent speaker.
D) a champion of the poor whites.
E) a secret Confederate sympathizer.
D) a champion of the poor whites.
The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated
A) the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
B) the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
C) President Lincoln's desire for a harsh reconstruction plan.
D) that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
E) the Republicans' fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress.
A) the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised
A) rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
B) former slaves the right to vote.
C) the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power.
D) severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders.
E) a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote.
A) rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
That the Southern states were "conquered provinces" that had completely left the Union and were therefore at the mercy of Congress for readmission was the view of
A) War Democrats.
B) the Supreme Court.
C) President Lincoln.
D) President Johnson.
E) congressional Republicans.
E) congressional Republicans.
President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction
A) differed radically from Lincoln's.
B) guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
C) required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) established literacy tests for voting in the South.
E) aimed at swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met.
E) aimed at swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met.
The main purpose of the Black Codes was to
A) guarantee freedom for the blacks.
B) ensure a stable and subservient labor supply.
C) prevent interracial sex and marriage..
D) prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
E) create a system of justice for ex-slaves.
B) ensure a stable and subservient labor supply.
The Black Codes provided for all of the following except
A) a ban on jury service by blacks.
B) voting by blacks
C) a bar on blacks from renting land.
D) punishment of blacks for idleness
E) fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts.
B) voting by blacks
To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that
A) it would take some time to reconcile the South and the North.
B) the transition to black freedom would be difficult.
C) the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice.
D) presidential Reconstruction was working.
E) the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War.
E) the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War.
For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states' quick restoration to the Union was that
A) with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.
B) pro-Union southern politicians would be weak and inexperienced.
C) the majority white South might be represented by black Congressmen.
D) a high tariff might be reinstituted.
E) slavery might be re-established.
A) with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.
The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was
A) passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.
B) the creation of the sharecropping system.
C) the attempt to pass the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) the South's regaining control of the Senate.
E) Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.
E) Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.
The first and only ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was
A) Virginia.
B) Arkansas.
C) Louisiana.
D) Tennessee.
E) West Virginia.
D) Tennessee.
The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed
A) citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.
B) land for former slaves.
C) voting rights for former Confederates who had previously served in the U.S. Army.
D) freed slaves the right to vote.
E) education to former slaves.
A) citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.
The Fourteenth Amendment
A) required former Confederate states to pay their war debts.
B) prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding public office.
C) guaranteed freed slaves the right to vote.
D) met all the demands of the radical Republicans.
E) made women as well as blacks U.S. citizens.
B) prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding public office.
In the 1866 congressional elections,
A) President Johnson conducted a highly successful "swing around the circle" campaign tour promoting his policies.
B) radicals replaced moderates as the dominant Republican faction in Congress.
C) voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction.
D) Republicans lost their majority control of Congress.
E) a substantial number of white southern Republicans were elected to Congress.
C) voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction.
The root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was
A) Johnson's personal vulgarity and crude style of campaigning.
B) the president's former ownership of slaves.
C) Johnson's "soft" treatment of the white South..
D) Johnson's "class-based" policies that favored poor whites.
E) Johnson's underlying loyalty to the Democratic Party.
C) Johnson's "soft" treatment of the white South..
Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that
A) federal power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South.
B) blacks should be the foundation of the southern Republican Party.
C) the federal government must become involved in the individual lives of American citizens.
D) Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union.
E) freed slaves must be granted the right to vote.
E) freed slaves must be granted the right to vote.
Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when
A) the South accepted the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
B) the last federal troops were removed in 1877.
C) President Johnson was not reelected in 1868.
D) the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that military tribunals could not try civilians.
E) blacks showed they could defend their rights without federal intervention.
B) the last federal troops were removed in 1877.
Which of the following was not one of the Reconstruction era constitutional amendments?
A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) All of the above were Reconstruction amendments.
A) Twelfth
Many feminist leaders were especially disappointed with the Fourteenth Amendment because it
A) did not free all the slaves.
B) failed to give women the right to serve on juries.
C) guaranteed male but not female property rights.
D) did not define what constituted equal national citizenship.
E) specified for the first time in the Constitution that only males could vote.
E) specified for the first time in the Constitution that only males could vote.
Blacks in the South relied on the Union League to
A) help them escape to the North during the Civil War.
B) provide them with relief payments until the Freedmen's Bureau was established.
C) educate them on their civic duties.
D) gain admittance to the Union Army.
E) protect them from the Ku Klux Klan.
C) educate them on their civic duties.
During Reconstruction, African American women assumed new political roles which included all of the following except
A) participating in black church life.
B) monitoring state constitutional conventions.
C) participating in political rallies.
D) organizing mass meetings.
E) voting.
E) voting.
Which one of the following is least related to the other three?
A) scalawags
B) Ku Klux Klan
C) carpetbaggers
D) freedmen
E) Union League
B) Ku Klux Klan
Radical Reconstruction state governments
A) did little of value.
B) passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.
C) were more corrupt than Northern state governments.
D) had all of their reforms repealed by the all-white "redeemer governments."
E) failed to address the issue of education.
B) passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.
Political corruption during Reconstruction was
A) primarily the fault of white carpetbaggers and scalawags.
B) located in the North.
C) common in both North and South.
D) present in all Southern states except South Carolina and Louisiana.
E) almost entirely conducted by blacks.
C) common in both North and South.
A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was
A) hostility to the growing practice of interracial sex.
B) anger at the corruption in Reconstruction legislatures.
C) the southern desire to instigate guerrilla warfare against the occupying U.S. Army.
D) the sense of brotherhood that a secret society could develop.
E) white resentment of the ability and success of black legislators.
E) white resentment of the ability and success of black legislators.
Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the Ku Klux Klan, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of
A) driving the Union Army out of the South.
B) preventing blacks from migrating to the West or North.
C) keeping white carpetbaggers from voting.
D) Intimidating blacks and undermining them politically.
E) destroying the Freedmen's Bureau.
D) Intimidating blacks and undermining them politically.
The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his
A) highly partisan "swing around the circle" in 1866.
B) readmission of Southern states without seriously reconstructing them.
C) dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act.
D) apparent sympathy with the Ku Klux Klan.
E) veto of the Freedmen's Bureau bill.
C) dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act.
In 1867 Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he
A) commissioned the building of an all-new ironclad navy.
B) recognized the independent republic of Hawaii.
C) purchased Alaska from Russia.
D) acquired the former Dominican Republic as an American territory.
E) established friendly relations with the newly independent Dominion of Canada.
C) purchased Alaska from Russia.
All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson except
A) opposition to abusing the Constitutional system of checks and balances.
B) concern about the person who would become President.
C) fears of creating a destabilizing period.
D) Johnson promised to step down as President.
E) Johnson's promise to stop obstructing Republican policies.
D) Johnson promised to step down as President.
Reconstruction might have been more successful if
A) Andrew Johnson had won reelection in 1868.
B) the U.S. army had more quickly suppressed the Ku Klux Klan.
C) control of the South had been returned to Southerners much sooner.
D) the federal government had not tampered with property rights.
E) Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted.
E) Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted.
