Russia-Pre 1917 definitions

A-Level history, Russia section

Year the serfs were emancipated

1861

Who emancipated the Serfs

Alexander II

Redemption payments

Payments the serfs made to the landlords to buy their land

The Zemstva

local government bodies from elected nobility, merchants and clergy

The Duma

local assemblies tha ordinary people could attend, established in 1870

Libera minded nobility

• Educational reforms led to freer thinking

• The Zemstva and DUma gave them power to change things in the local area

The Kadets

• Advocated for liberal reforms, constitutional monarchy, and democratic principles.

• Supported by middle-class professionals, intellectuals, and peasants.

• Played a significant role in the Russian Revolution and the Provisional Government.

The octobrists

• Political party in Russia from 1905-1917.

• Comprised of liberal-minded nobility and bourgeoisie.

• Supported constitutional monarchy and gradual reforms.

The bolsheviks

• founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903,

• aiming to overthrow the Russian monarchy and establish a socialist government.

• Led the October Revolution in 1917, resulting in the formation of the Soviet Union.

The SRs

• advocated for land reform, social equality, and the overthrow of the Tsarist regime.

• were known for their use of terrorism as a means to achieve their goals.

The SDs

• followed the Marxist stage theory

Russo-Japanese war

• 1904-5

• poor leadership and heavy losses

What caused the 1905 revolution?

• Poor working conditions caused strikes

• Heavy losses in the war

why did the revolution start

the putilof steel works

How did the 1905 revolution end?

Bloody sunday

Why was the state duma established?

After bloody sunday the Tsar wanted to apease the people

Why did the Tsarina favour Rasputin ?

He healed and soothed her son

Why was Rasputin a contoversial figure?

He had great influence over the Tsar and other ministers felt challenged

Was the war popular when it began?

yes

WHich two battles did Russia suffer heavy losses in

• Tannenburg

• Masurian lakes

Why was the war so unsuccesful for Russia?

• Majority of skilled soldiers where killed early on

• most of their troops were unskilled peasants

• There was a lack of necessary supplies on the front line

What was the name of the Russian offensive?

The Brusilov offensive

Why was the war unpopular at home?

• People had lost family members

• it was ruining the economy

• There were food shortages

who formed the progressive bloc?