Animal Biology Lab 11 - Spring 2025

Vocabulary flashcards for Animal Biology Lab.

Subclass Prototheria

A subclass of Mammalia that includes duck-billed platypuses and echidnas; they are oviparous and lack nipples.

Subclass Theria

A subclass of Mammalia that includes all marsupial and placental mammals; they are viviparous.

Infraclass Metatheria

An infraclass of Theria that includes opossums, kangaroos, and koalas; their embryos spend little time developing inside the mother's uterus and mostly develop outside the uterus within a marsupium.

Infraclass Eutheria

An infraclass of Theria that includes rodents, whales, bats, elephants, felids, canids, humans, etc.; developing young are attached to mother by a placenta within the uterus.

Order Lagomorpha

An order of Eutheria that includes rabbits, hares, and pikas; they are herbivorous with long incisors for snipping vegetation, and all permanent teeth grow continuously throughout life.

OrderRodentia

An order of Eutheria that includes mice, rats, squirrels, beavers, porcupines, etc.; their sharp incisors grow continuously throughout life, and it is the largest mammalian order.

Order Carnivora

An order of Eutheria that includes dogs, cats, weasels, bears, raccoons, seals, etc.; most are carnivorous, and heterodont teeth are adapted for killing other animals and consuming flesh.

Order Chiroptera

An order of Eutheria that includes bats; forelimbs are modified into wings, and bats are the only mammals capable of true flight.

Skull

Skeletal structure found in the head region of a cat.

Mandible

The lower jaw of a cat.

Atlas

A cervical vertebra of a cat that articulates with the skull.

Axis

A cervical vertebra of a cat that articulates with the atlas.

Scapula

The shoulder blade of a cat.

Humerus

The upper arm bone of a cat.

Radius

One of the bones in the forearm of a cat.

Ulna

One of the bones in the forearm of a cat.

Ribs

Bones enclosing the thoracic cavity of a cat.

Vertebrae

Bones forming the vertebral column of a cat.

Os coxa (hip)

The hip bone of a cat.

Femur

The thigh bone of a cat.

Tibia

The larger of the two lower leg bones of a cat.

Fibula

The smaller of the two lower leg bones of a cat.

Snout

The external structure located on the head region of a fetal pig.

External nares or nostrils

The external structure located on the head region of a fetal pig that function for air intake.

Vibrissae or whiskers

Tactile (touch) reception providing sensory data for spatial orientation on the head region of a fetal pig.

Ears or pinnae

The external structure located on the head region of a fetal pig used for hearing.

Mammary papillae or nipples

Structure located on the trunk region of a fetal pig.

Umbilical cord

Structure located on the trunk region of a fetal pig; it connects the fetus to the placenta.

Urogenital opening

Structure located on the trunk region of a fetal pig that is the external opening of the urogenital tract.

Anus

Structure located on the trunk region of a fetal pig that is the external opening of the digestive tract.

Genital papilla (females)

Structure located on the trunk region of a female fetal pig.

Scrotum (males)

Structure located on the trunk region of a male fetal pig.

Trachea

Moves air to and from the lungs for respiration.

Esophagus

Moves swallowed food from the mouth to the stomach.

Thyroid

Production of certain hormones.

Heart

Pumps blood throughout the body via blood vessels.

Lungs

Primary organs of respiration.

Diaphragm

Pulls air into the lungs; improves respiratory efficiency in mammals.

Liver

Detoxifies absorbed digested compounds; produce bile.

Gallbladder

Store bile produced in the liver.

Stomach

Holds ingested food and initiate its chemical digestion.

Small intestine

Completion of food digestion; absorption of nutrients and water.

Pancreas

Produce digestive enzymes & secrete them into the small intestine.

Cecum

House bacteria that break down cellulose in plant material.

Spiral colon

Absorption of water and electrolytes; transport feces to the rectum.

Spleen

Store red blood cells; regulate blood volume; produce lymphocytes.

Kidneys

Filter metabolic waste from the blood; conserve water and salts.

Ureters

Move urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder

Temporary storage of urine before it is eliminated from the body.

Penis (males)

Carry urine out of the body; deposit sperm into the female reproductive tract for reproduction.

Testes (males)

Produce sperm for reproduction; produce testosterone.

Ovary (females)

Produce eggs for reproduction; produce estrogen & progesterone.

Uterus (females)

Embryonic development of fetuses.

Vagina (females)

Entrance to the female reproductive tract; part of the birth canal.