CDS 450 pt 2

Which of the following are true words?
Dada (referring to father)

Wawa (referring to water)

Ee (no clear referent)

Ma (for block)

Coo (no clear referent)

Anku (aproximation of thank you)

Dada, Wawa, Anku

Which of the following is the child likely to say first?

Animal

Tiger

Bengal tiger

Panthera tigris tigris

Tiger

Children use ______ to make it easier to say words with difficult sounds

phonological processes

A child says, “I see you” this is an example of a(n)

item based construction

What age do children typically master anaphoric reference?

8-10 years

What is an individualized spontaneous narrative in which children share their experiences

Account

What are stored mental representations of specific written words/word parts that allow us to recognize if a word is spelled right?

Mental graphemic representations

True/False: High proficiency in a home language other than English supports English development

True

What does contingent responding involve?

Building upon a previous utterance to maintain dialogue

What is the primary social function of slang and peer-group language in adolescence?

To establish individual identity and a sense of social belonging

What is the main factor attributed to decline in narrative abilities in cognitively healthy older adults

reduction in working memory capacity

What is meant by “refined professional and situational register shifts” in adult pragmatics

Ability to adjust language for context and audience

A student is referred to you (the SLP) for articulation concerns, and you notice that they also interrupt their communication partners when they are enthusiastic about the topic. What should be your first step?

Determine the dialect they use (through observation or language sample analysis, parent interview, research, etc.)

A child from a Spanish and Chicano-English speaking household uses the regular past tense morpheme (“-ed”) for irregular past tense verbs (“writed”). This is a systematic characteristic of the dialect, so it is not evidence of a deficit. Explain your answer.

a. True

b. False

c. It depends

IDK???

True or False: Children with ASD meet communication milestones similarly regardless of whether they’re monolingual or bilingual.

True

True/False: When developing standardized assessments, professionals include children from all regions and backgrounds of the US so that all American English dialects are represented. This means, for example, that when testing a child with an Appalachian dialect without a communication disorder, their score would be average or higher

False

How does cultural ignorance contribute to under- and over-diagnosis of communication disorders?

Professionals report a lack of confidence and skill in serving multilingual families due to low cultural and linguistic responsivity. This leads to children receiving a diagnosis and intervention for a condition they don’t have or being told to '“wait and see” or not eligible for services when the child does have a diagnosis and needs support.

When an adult uses fillers like “uh” or “um” during a conversation, what is the typical pragmatic function?

to indicate a pause for thought while maintaining their turn in the story

How do adult word definitions differ from those provided by children?

Adult definitions are more abstract and often include synonyms and categorizations

Which of the following is an example of an adverbial disjunct, and what is its purpose?

a. “Perhaps”; it is used primarily by 6-year-olds to connect ideas

b. “As a result of”; it provides a transition based on cause and effect

c. “To be honest”; it conveys the speaker’s attitude toward the content of the sentence

d. “To conclude”; it signals a logical relation between two sentences

C

What is “social-indexical knowledge” in phonology?

understanding how speakers use phonological features to signal identity, group membership, or social meaning

True/False: Cognitively healthy adults in their 70s and 80s tend to produce more complex clauses in their narratives than middle-aged adults

False

What happens to syllable timing in the transition from adolescent speech to adult speech?

Adults are more likely to maintain syllables and show steady increases in fluency

What causes formant frequency shifts in the phonology of adolescents?

changes in the growth of the vocal tract