0.10- Italian Renaissance (pt.1)

The Renaissance changed what for the people?

how they saw themselves and the world

What does Renaissance mean?

“rebirth”

Who spoke Latin before new technology (typically in the Medieval world)?

popes, priests, the Church

Why was the Church the only one accessible to the Bible?

Bible was written in Latin not vernacular so only they had access

What was at the heart of the Italian Renaissance?

intellectual movement called Humanism

Humanist scholars studied what?

classical Greek and Roman cultures to increase understandings of own times

Most Humanists were what?

pious Chrisitnas focusing on secular subjects

In what language were things starting to be written in and as a result more accessible?

vernacular

who was Francesco Petrarch?

early Renaissance humanist in Florence

What did Petrarch do?

assembled library of Greek and Roman manuscripts and influencial poet who wrote in Latin and vernacular

Where did the Renaissance begin and why?

Italy b/c its geographically in the middle and the center of ancient Roman civilization

What was the Renaissance about?

reawakened interest in culture of ancient Rome

Humanism was celebrating what?

humans/secularism and achievements

Patrons did what?

donated money to the arts

Who emerged in Italy’s city-states and what did they stress?

class of wealthy and powerful merchants; stressed individual achievement and spent lavishly on arts

What was developed in arts?

techniques to represent humans and landscapes realistically (was depicted flat up until that point)

What were those techniques?

perspective (vanishing points), light and dark shading

What was painted?

portraits of well-known figures, scenes from Greek mythology, landscapes

What did Donatello do?

life-sized statue of soldier on horseback (first figure since ancient times)

Architects adopted what?

columns, arches, domes by Greeks and Romans

What city-state resembled the Italian Renaissance and why?

Florence; home to many great Renaissance artists

Who was Leonardo da Vinci?

from Florence, admired for freshness and realism of paintings, good at everything/”Renaissance Man”, interested in botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, and engineering

What were da Vinci’s most famous works?

Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Who was Michelangelo?

from Florence, excelled as painter, sculptor, architect, poet, engineer

What are some of Michelangelo’s famous works?

marble sculpture of David, murals on ceilings of Sistine Chapel w/ dramatic scenes from book of Genesis, design of dome for St.Peter’s cathedral

The Sistine Chapel was what of religious ideas?

Renaissance version of religious ideas

What was Raphael’s most famous work?

School of Athens (painting)—pictures imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientists

what did Baldassare Castiglione do?

made “The Book of the Courtier” which described manners, skills, learning, and virtues a member of court should have

What did Niccolo Machiavelli write?

different kind of handbook: “The Prince”- stressed that ends justifies the means and urged rulers to use whatever methods necessary to achieve goals which was keeping the kingdom in order