Neuroanatomy Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers key terms related to neuroanatomy, providing definitions that help explain the structure and function of the nervous system.

Gray Matter

Regions of the CNS containing cell bodies and dendrites, where information is integrated.

White Matter

Regions of the CNS composed of axons and myelin that convey information.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Includes the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Comprises afferent and efferent axons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

Afferent Axons

Carry sensory information toward the CNS.

Efferent Axons

Carry motor information away from the CNS.

Cranial Nerves

Twelve pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain and are involved in sensory and motor functions.

Diencephalon

Comprises four structures: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus.

Thalamus

A relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

Cerebellum

Part of the brain responsible for coordinating movements and balance.

Gyri

Rounded elevations on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

Sulci

Grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres that separate the gyri.

Longitudinal Fissure

Divides the two cerebral hemispheres.

Basal Ganglia

A group of nuclei involved in movement control and emotional regulation.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid that circulates from the brain's cavities to the surface of the CNS, providing protection and buoyancy.

Meninges

Three protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Circle of Willis

A circulatory structure that provides blood supply to the brain through an interconnected arterial system.

Coronal Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into right and left portions.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into upper and lower portions.