Asthma Management Overview

These flashcards cover essential aspects of asthma management, including symptoms, diagnostics, treatments, and patient education.

What are common symptoms that may indicate asthma?

Recurrent wheezing, cough, difficulty breathing, and chest tightness.

What triggers can worsen asthma symptoms at night?

Cold air, allergens such as pollen, and respiratory infections.

What does FEV1 measure in asthma diagnosis?

FEV1 measures the volume of air expelled in the first second of a forced exhalation, with a focus on changes after bronchodilator use.

How is reversible airway constriction determined in asthma patients?

An increase in FEV1 greater than 12% or 200 ml after inhaling a bronchodilator.

What is the normal range for FEV1/FVC ratio in adults?

75 to 90%.

What are the two types of asthma based on triggers?

Extrinsic and intrinsic asthma.

What are the stepwise management recommendations for an asthma patient with infrequent symptoms?

Step 1: Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid with a rapid onset long-acting beta agonist as needed.

What medications can be used as add-on therapies for severe asthma?

Leukotriene receptor antagonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, monoclonal antibodies.

What does a peak flow variability of greater than 10% indicate?

It indicates that the patient's airway responsiveness is fluctuating and could signify worsening asthma.

What initial treatment should be given for an acute asthma exacerbation?

Short-acting beta agonist like albuterol, along with systemic corticosteroids and possibly oxygen therapy.

What are the key benefits of using Heliox during acute asthma treatment?

Heliox reduces air resistance due to its low density, allowing smoother airflow during bronchospasm.

What does a high level of IgE indicate in asthma patients?

It indicates an allergic response, suggesting this may be extrinsic asthma.

How can patient education improve asthma management?

Educating patients helps them understand their disease and the necessary medication regimen, increasing compliance.

What does the presence of sputum Charcot-Leyden crystals indicate?

It indicates an allergic inflammatory response associated with asthma.

What is the goal of asthma management according to the lecture?

To control symptoms and reduce the risk of future exacerbations.

What role does exercise play in asthma management?

Regular physical activity can improve overall health and help patients manage asthma more effectively.

What does pulmonary function testing (PFT) assess in asthmatics?

It assesses lung function and parameters like FEV1 and FVC to determine the severity of airway obstruction.