Organic - the basics

Alkanes prefix

ane

branched alkanes prefix

alkyl

alkenes prefix

ene

haloalkanes prefix

chloro, bromo, iodo

alcohols prefix

ol

aldehydes prefix

al

ketones prefix

one

cycloalkanes prefix

cyclo - ane

carboxylic acids prefix

oic acid

esters prefix

alkyl - anoate

Types of carbon skeleton

Aromatic contain a benzene ring.

Aliphatic - hydrogen and carbon joined in straight, branched chains or non-aromatic chains.

If an aliphatic contains a (non-aromatic) ring, can be called alicyclic

Nomenclature

Is naming compounds.

1- meth, 2- eth, 3- prop, 4- but, 5- pent, 6- hex, 7- hept, 8- oct, 9- non, 10- dec

Isomers

Have same molecular formula but atoms are arranged differently. Two types, stereoisomers and structural isomers.

Types of structural isomers

Chain, positional and functional

Chain isomers

Carbon skeleton can be rearranged e.g. straight chain or branched. Similar chemical properties but different physical.

Positional isomers

Skeleton and functional group could be the same, only that the functional group is attached to a different carbon atom. Different physical properties and maybe chemical too.

Functional isomers

Atoms can be rearranged into different functional groups. Have very different physical and chemical properties