Exam 1 MicroBiology

Define the science of Microbiology

The study of Microorganisms

List the Six major groups of Microorganisms

Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, Algae, Protozoa and Helminth(worms)

List five field of microbiology

Medical Microbiology, Immunology, Biotechnology, Agricultural Microbiology, Food Microbiologists

Define: Ubiqitous, mycology, phycology

Ubiquitous: everywhere all around us

Mycology: the study of Fungi

Phycology: study of Algae

Describe the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokayrotic:”Before nucleus” Has no organelles and no nucleus

Eukaryotics: Has a nucleus and organelles, complex cells

Specify weither prokayrotic and eukaryotic cells are unicellular, muticellular or both

Prokaryotic cells are ALWAYS unicellular(Bacteria and Archaea)

Eukaryotic cells can be Both

State two key reasons why viruses are not cells

They have no cellular structure and they cannot reproduce independently

Name the standard unit of measure for macroscopic organisms

Ticks: Millimeters

Bacteria: Micrometers

Viruses: nanometers

Describe the two major ways in which microbes facilitate energy flow on earth

Through Photosythesis and Decomposition

Define: bioremediation, microbiome, pathogen, zoonotic, nosocomial

Bioremediation: microbes are released to clean up the environment

Microbiome: where a group of microorganisms is

Pathogen: anything that causes disease

Zoonotic: A disease found in animals that can infect humans

Nonsocomial: Hospital-acquired Infection

List four specific commercial products or applications that are associated with microorganisms

Antibiotics, Vaccines, Yeast, Yogurt (probiotics)

State the full name and role of the CDC and WHO

CDC: Center for Disease Control, protect the health and safety of citizens of the UNITED STATES

WHO: World health organization, protect public health and safety on a global scale

Explain why some microbes cause diseases while others(photosyntetic) do not

Diseases cause microbes rely on the host to survive and reproduce while photosynthetic microbes are self sustaining can survive on their own

List the two primary causes of death in (a) low income countries and (b) high income countries

Malaria and Heart Disease

Define Taxonomy, nomenclature; name the person who first proposed taxonomic categories

Taxonomy: Formal system for organizing, classifying and naming living things

Nomenclature: A system for scientifically name organism

Taxonomy was created by Carl von Linne

List the hierarchy for classifying organisms from domain to species

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (Dear King Paul Can Only Find Green Socks)

State the guidelines for (a) typing and (b) handwriting binomial name with an example of each

(genus) (species name)

Type: Escherichia coli

Handwritten: Escherichia coli

Provide the plural form of the words bacterium and genus

Bacteria and genera

Name the three Domains of classification and how Whittaker’s 5-kingdoms classification was modified

Three Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Discuss development of the microscope by Leewenhoek and term used for the first microbes

He made a microscope that could see up to 300x and the microbes where called animalcules

List the steps of the scientific method and how it was used to develop the first vaccine

Observation: Jenner noticed milk maids didn’t get smallpox

Hypothesis: cowpox was closely related to smallpox

Experiment: Jenner scaped cowpox blisters from the maids to a boy who didn’t have small pox

Reproducibility: Jenner did in a few more patients

Give the importance of Tyndall and Cohn’s work and how it related to Pasteur’s experiment.

They discovered the concept of sterility and that microbes can survive in extreme temperatures, which supported germ theory

explain why Pastuer’s swam-neck flask experiment settled the biogenieses/ abiogenesis debate'.

Since there was no way for microbes to enter the flask it proved that biogenisis (life cannot be created without life)

List the steps of Koch’s postulates and how these Pastuer;s work led to Gern Theory of Disease

1) microorganisms must be found in all organisms suffering from dsease

2) The microoganism mus be isolated

3) The cultured microorganism shoul cause disease

4) the same microganism must be re-isolated