Chapter 7: French Revolution and Napoleon

1st Estate

Made up of members of the clergy

2nd Estate

Made up of the rich nobles

3rd Estate

Made up of the bourgeoisie, urban poor, and peasants

Why did the National Assembly lose the support of many French peasants?

They took away land and independence from the Catholic Church

Which group within the 3rd estate had more political power?

The bourgeoisie

The Committee of Public Safety

Imposed and controlled the reign of terror

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge made by third estate delegates to continue meeting until they drew up a new constitution

Jacobin Club

Tried Louis XVI for treason and sentenced him to death

Maximilien Robespierre

His period of rule was known as the Reign of Terror

Sans-culottes

Parisian wage earners and small shop keepers who wanted a greater voice in government, an end to food shortages, and were radical left wingers

How did Great Britain react to the Continental System?

By organizing their own blockade

Blockade

the forcible closing of ports to block trade and communication

What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in Russia?

Scorched Earth Policy

Who fought in the Peninsular War?

France and Spanish guerillas

Coup d'etat

A sudden seizure of power

Why did Napoleon attack Portugal?

To enforce the terms of the Continental System

Who used the scorched earth policy?

Russian troops as Napoleon invaded Russia

What were Napoleon's peacetime policies?

establish government run schools, establish a fairer tax code, establish a comprehensive system of laws

Who did Napoleon give up plans of invading after the Battle of Trafalgar?

Britain

Who was most responsible for the accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna?

Klemens von Metternich

The feudal system in France during the 1770s

Old Regime

Who wrote a strong response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man claiming that women should also be given the same rights?

Olympe de Gouges

Louis XVI was forced to call a meeting of what body when he wanted to tax the second estate?

Estates-General

Napoleon's comprehensive system of laws

Napoleonic Code

This was used to further humane goals though often used in contradiction to such goals

Guillotine

These people want sweeping changes in the government and opposed the monarchy in France

Radicals

These people did not like change and wanted to maintain a limited monarchy in France

Conservatives