funda theory midterm

Accountability

Being answerable to oneself and others for one’s own actions.

Active Euthanasia

The deliberate act of ending a patient’s life to relive suffering.

Advocate

A person who supports and defends the rights of others.

Assisted Suicide

The act of providing a person with the means to end their own life.

Attitudes

Mental positions or feelings toward a person, object, or idea; they are long-lasting and can be positive or negative.

Autonomy

The right to make one’s own decisions, as long as those decisions do not infringe on others.

Beliefs

Interpretations or conclusions that people accept as true, often based on faith rather than facts.

Beneficence

The ethical principle of doing good and promoting the wellbeing of others.

Bioethics

A branch of ethics that focuses on ethical issues in healthcare, medicine, and biology.

Code of Ethics

A formal statement of a group’s values and ethical principles.

Consequence-based (Teleological) Theories

Ethical theories that focus on the outcomes or consequences of actions.

Principles-based (Deontological) Theories

Ethical theories that emphasize duty, rules, and obligations.

Relationships-based (Caring) Theories

Theories that emphasize the importance of caring relationships in ethical decision-making.

Ethics

The study of moral values and principles governing behavior.

Fidelity

Being faithful to agreements and promises.

Justice

The ethical principle of fairness in the distribution of resources and treatment.

Moral Development

The process of learning to distinguish right from wrong and developing ethical reasoning.

Moral Distress

The emotional state of knowing the right action to take but being unable to act due to institutional constraints.

Moral Rules

Specific guidelines for ethical behavior based on moral principles.

Morality

Private, personal standards of right and wrong in conduct, character, and attitude.

Nonmaleficence

The ethical duty to do no harm.

Nursing Ethics

Ethical principles specifically applied to the practice of nursing.

Passive Euthanasia

Allowing death to occur by withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment.

Personal Values

Values shaped by individual experiences, culture, and beliefs.

Professional Values

Ethical values that guide professional behavior and decision-making.

Responsibilities

The obligation to perform duties and be accountable for one’s actions.

Utilitarianism Utility

An ethical theory that promotes actions that maximize overall well-being and happiness.

Value System

The hierarchy of values that guide an individual’s behavior and decision-making.

Values

Core beliefs that influence decisions and actions.

Values Clarification

A process of understanding and prioritizing one’s own values.

Veracity

The ethical principle of truthfulness and honesty.

Critical Pathways

Standardized, evidence-based care plans for managing specific diagnosis.

Health Care System

The totality of services provided by healthcare professionals to promote, maintain, or restore health.

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

A prepaid, private healthcare system providing services for a fixed fee, focusing on preventive care and cost control.

Primary Prevention

Preventing disease before it occurs (e.g., immunizations, health education, lifestyle modifications).

Secondary Prevention

Early detection and intervention (e.g., screening, regular check-ups, diagnostic tests).

Tertiary Prevention

Managing chronic diseases to prevent complications and improve quality of life (e.g., rehabilitation, disease management programs).

Acculturation

The process of adopting certain cultural traits from another group.

Assimilation

The process by which individuals fully adopt the dominant culture, losing their original cultural identity.

Cultural Competence

The ability to provide healthcare that respects and incorporates different cultural perspectives.

Culturally Responsive Care

Care that integrates the client’s cultural values and beliefs into the healthcare plan.

Culture

A shared set of beliefs, values, and practices among a group of people.

Discrimination

The unjust or prejudicial treatment of individuals based on race, gender, or other characteristics.

Diversity

The presence of differences within a society, including race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status.

Ethnicity

A shared cultural heritage based on common ancestry and traditions.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others.

Folk Medicine

Traditional health practices based on cultural beliefs rather than modern medical science.

Health Disparities

Differences in health outcomes among different populations due to social and economic factors.

Health Equity

The principle of ensuring fair and just access to healthcare for all individuals.

Heritage

The traditions and cultural practices passed down through generations.

Nationality

Citizenship or membership in a specific country.

Prejudice

Preconceived opinions about individuals or groups without sufficient knowledge.

Race

A social construct that groups people based on physical characteristics.

Racism

Systemic discrimination against racial groups.

Scientific Health Belief

The view that health is governed by biological and scientific factors.

Stereotyping

Assuming all individuals in a group share the same traits.

Transcultural Nursing

Nursing care that recognizes and respects cultural differences.

The Providers of Health Care

Physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, pharmacists, and other allied health professionals.

Frameworks for Care

Managed Care, Case Management, Differentiated Practice, Team Nursing, Functional Nursing, Primary Nursing.

The Aim of Universal Health Care Act (UHC Act) of the Philippines, officially known as Republic Act No. 11223.

Ensures that all Filipinos have equitable access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship.

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) in the Philippines

Private, prepaid healthcare systems offering services through a network of accredited doctors, clinics, and hospitals.