Biology - 11 Hormonal Coordination - 11.4 The Role of Negative Feedback & 11.5 Human Reproduction & 11.6 Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle

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29 Terms

1

What is used to produce thyroxine?

iodine

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2

What does thyroxine do? [2]

- regulates the basal metabolic rate
- affects the development of a child's brain

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3

TSH

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (thyrotropin)

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4

What does TSH do?

stimulates thyroid to produce thyroxine

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5

TRH

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

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6

What releases TRH?

the hypothalamus

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7

What releases TSH?

the pituitary gland

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8

What does TRH do?

stimulates pituitary gland to release TSH

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9

Why is adrenaline released?

in response to stressful or scary situations

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10

What are the effects of adrenaline? [5]

- increase in heart rate and breathing rate
- glycogen converted to glucose for respiration
- pupils dilate to let in light
- mental awareness increases
- blood is diverted away from digestion and to limb muscles

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11

How does adrenaline cause effects?

boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles

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12

Oestrogen

main female reproductive hormone, produced in the ovaries

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13

What does oestrogen do? [2]

- triggers gradual changes of puberty
- involved in menstruation

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14

Ovulation

release of an egg from the ovary

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15

FSH

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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16

What does FSH do? [2]

- causes eggs to mature
- stimulates oestrogen release

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17

LH

Luteinising Hormone

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18

What does LH do? [2]

- causes ovulation
- forms corpus luteum (empty follicle)

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19

What does oestrogen do in the menstrual cycle? [3]

- thickens uterine lining
- inhibits FSH
- (in high levels) stimulates release of LH

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20

What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?

- maintains uterine lining
- inhibits FSH and LH

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21

Testosterone

main male reproductive hormone, produced in the testes

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22

Stage 1 of the menstrual cycle

menstruation

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23

Stage 2 of the menstrual cycle

uterine lining starts to build up

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24

Stage 3 of the menstrual cycle

ovulation

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25

Stage 4 of the menstrual cycle

maintaining the lining of the uterus

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26

How do levels of oestrogen vary throughout the cycle? [2]

- rise until ovulation to develop uterine lining and stimulate release of LH
- fall as lining maintains and menstruation starts

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27

How do levels of progesterone vary throughout the cycle? [2]

- stays constant until rising in stage 4 to maintain lining and inhibit FSH and LH
- falls to begin menstruation

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28

How do levels of FSH vary throughout the cycle? [3]

- raises in stage 1 to cause release of oestrogen
- falls in stage 2 due to oestrogen inhibiting
- low peak at ovulation, when egg matures

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29

How do levels of LH vary throughout the cycle? [2]

- stay constant most of cycle
- peak at stage 3, causing ovulation

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