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What is used to produce thyroxine?
iodine
What does thyroxine do? [2]
- regulates the basal metabolic rate
- affects the development of a child's brain
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (thyrotropin)
What does TSH do?
stimulates thyroid to produce thyroxine
TRH
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
What releases TRH?
the hypothalamus
What releases TSH?
the pituitary gland
What does TRH do?
stimulates pituitary gland to release TSH
Why is adrenaline released?
in response to stressful or scary situations
What are the effects of adrenaline? [5]
- increase in heart rate and breathing rate
- glycogen converted to glucose for respiration
- pupils dilate to let in light
- mental awareness increases
- blood is diverted away from digestion and to limb muscles
How does adrenaline cause effects?
boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
Oestrogen
main female reproductive hormone, produced in the ovaries
What does oestrogen do? [2]
- triggers gradual changes of puberty
- involved in menstruation
Ovulation
release of an egg from the ovary
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
What does FSH do? [2]
- causes eggs to mature
- stimulates oestrogen release
LH
Luteinising Hormone
What does LH do? [2]
- causes ovulation
- forms corpus luteum (empty follicle)
What does oestrogen do in the menstrual cycle? [3]
- thickens uterine lining
- inhibits FSH
- (in high levels) stimulates release of LH
What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?
- maintains uterine lining
- inhibits FSH and LH
Testosterone
main male reproductive hormone, produced in the testes
Stage 1 of the menstrual cycle
menstruation
Stage 2 of the menstrual cycle
uterine lining starts to build up
Stage 3 of the menstrual cycle
ovulation
Stage 4 of the menstrual cycle
maintaining the lining of the uterus
How do levels of oestrogen vary throughout the cycle? [2]
- rise until ovulation to develop uterine lining and stimulate release of LH
- fall as lining maintains and menstruation starts
How do levels of progesterone vary throughout the cycle? [2]
- stays constant until rising in stage 4 to maintain lining and inhibit FSH and LH
- falls to begin menstruation
How do levels of FSH vary throughout the cycle? [3]
- raises in stage 1 to cause release of oestrogen
- falls in stage 2 due to oestrogen inhibiting
- low peak at ovulation, when egg matures
How do levels of LH vary throughout the cycle? [2]
- stay constant most of cycle
- peak at stage 3, causing ovulation