global history midterm review

things on the test are in PURPLE

Ancient Egypt (location and river)

Egypt, Nile river

Ancient Mesopotamia (location and river)

middle east (modern day Iraq), Tigris and euphrates river

Indus river valley (location and river)

india, Indus river

ancient china (location and river)

china, yellow river/Huang he river

describe the neolithic revolution

a shift from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture and animal domestication

3 major changes in the neolithic revolution

1. irrigation

2. agriculture

3. permanent settlements

define irrigation

a way to bring water to crops

What is the relationship between irrigation and the neolithic revolution?

irrigation helped people permanently settle and partake in farming and agriculture.

how is irrigation used today?

farms, lawns, etc

what was the location of the fertile crescent and which rivers associated with this region?

Located in mesopotamia and between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

what are the 8 elements of civilizations

central government

cities

organized religion

social class

art and architecture (technology)

roads, bridges, temples and other public works

system of writing

job specialization

what is the code of Hammurabi? How was social classes relevant to hammurabi’s codes?

it was the 1st set of written laws, punishments were harsh and NOT equal based on class. Lower class got harsher punishments

similarities between Hinduism and buddhism

reincarnation, originated in India, kharma

differences between Hinduism and buddhism

1. buddhism has no gods

2. hinduism has a cast system, Buddhism doesn't

3. hinduism is a religion, Buddhism is a belief system

4. hinduism is polytheistic

what is the silk roads?

a vast network of trade routes over land and water that connected the Mediterranean Sea with Asia and the lands between. it was a place to trade goods and ideas (cultural diffusion)

what is the relationship between Buddhism and the silk roads?

buddhism beliefs spread from the middle east to eastern Asia.

what were the historical circumstances that led to alexander the great forming a large empire?

alexander the great was a respected leader who was able to conquer large ares of land and maintain control.

where was Alexander the great’s empire located?

his empire stretched from Greece to India (all across Asia)

what is Hellenism and it relationship to Alexander the great?

Its the idea that Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures came together to form the hellenistic culture. conquering the empire allowed for the blending of cultures.

what was the relationship between rome and the Mediterranean Sea?

the Mediterranean Sea was a trade route.

what are two effects the Mediterranean Sea had on the development of the Roman civilization?

the sea served as a battleground between Rome and Greece and it could be used for protection from invaders.

FROM THIS POINT THE REST OF THE FLASHCARDS ARE JUST BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE AND IS NOT ON THE MIDTERM

Hindu caste system

A rigid social class system- you permanently stay in the class that you are born in - you are not allowed to move into another class. Your class system determines what job you have, where you live and who you associate with.

dharma = duty

Vishnu = Hindu god (the protector)

Shiva = the destroyer (God)

Ganesha = God of good fortune (good luck)

deities = gods

hindu class system

The Priests

Warriors

Herders, farmers,merchants, craftspeople

Farm workers, servants, laborers

Untouchables

hinduism:

founder = none

sacred text = vedas

oldest of the vedas = Rig vedas

what kind of people follow hinduism?

mainly in India and Nepal

Hinduism beliefs/concepts

Brahman = The ultimate reality - this is the one god, all    other Gods come from.

Reincarnation - the idea that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death

Moksha- the soul achieves “union with Brahman”

Caste- social class system in Hinduism - the only way to move out of your caste is through reincarnation

Dharma - One’s duty according to their caste

Karma- what comes around goes around

who is the founder of buddhism

SIddhartha Gautama

Major beliefs of Buddhism (east Asia)

Sacred Text- Tripitaka (Three Baskets of Wisdom)

Reincarnation- The idea that when a person dies they are brought back to life in another being.

Enlightenment- when a buddhist finds the truth about life and is no longer reincarnated.
Nirvana- The stage after death where you are no longer reincarnated, you are in a state of still and empty mind.

the four noble truths - four principles that Buddha believed to be true

1. Life is suffering

2. Suffering is caused by desire

3. To end suffering, one must end desire

4. To end suffering, follow the eightfold path

the eightfold path - moral code of conduct for buddhists

1. Know the truth

2. Work for the good of others

3. Free your mind of evil

4. Resist evil

5. Control your thoughts

6. Practice meditation

7. Say nothing to hurt others

8. Respect life

rejection of the cast system ( Buddhism )

 Buddha taught that anyone, regardless of their place in society, could achieve enlightenment if they realized the four noble truths and followed the eightfold path

indian ocean complex

trade routes that connected Asia, Africa, and India