Formulas Spring 2025

Formulas for all classes 2025

V=πr^2h

Cylinder Volume

l×w×h (length × width × height)

Rectangular Prism

V=4/3​πr^3

Sphere

D=m/V

Density

sin of, 30 | 60 triangle

½ | √3/2

cos of 30 | 60 triangle

√3/2 | ½

tan of 30 | 60 triangle

√3/3 | √3

cotangent of a 30 | 60 triangle

√3 | √3/3

secent of the 30 | 60 triangle

2√3/3 and 2

secent

2√3/3 and 2

secent

2 and 2√3/3

sin of a 45 triangle

√2/2

cosine of a 45 triangle

√2/2

tan of a 45 triangle

1

cotangent of a 45 triangle

1

sec of a 45 triangle

√2

cosecant of a 45 triangle

√2

The number significant digits in the answer (math) should

be of the same as the lowest variable in the equation

significant digits is the

#of digits counted from the 1st non zero digits

complimentary angles are (alpha and beta)

angles that equal 90 degrees

the angle sum of a triangle is

180 degrees

The Pythagorem Theorem is

a2+b2=c2

A congruent triangle has

the same sides and angles

Similar triangles

have the same angle measures but different side lengths

A vertical angle would be

<1 and <4

An alternate interior angle would be

< 3 and <6

An alternate exterior angle example is

<1 and <8 or <2 and <7

Corresponding Angles exam

<1 = <5 and <2= <6

Interior angle on same side of the transversal

< 3 and < 5 =180s | < 4 and <6 = 180

The two special triangles are

45 triangle and 30,60 triangle

Servers are computers that provide information to

end device

Clients are computers that send requests to the servers to

retrieve information

Email server runs email server ________.

Clients use _____ software to access email.

software | client

Web server runs ___ _______ software.

Clients use ________ ________ to access web pages.

web server | browser software

File server stores _____ and user files.

The _____ devices access these files.

corporate | client

An end device is where a message

originates from or where it is received

Example of an intermediary device

switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls.

An Intermediary device manages

data as its moves through a network

Communication across a network is carried through a

medium which allows a message to travel from source to destination.

Medium Type examples include

Metal wires within cables

Glass or plastic fibers within cables (fiber-optic cable)

or Wireless transmission

Metal wires within cables use

electrical impulses

glass or plastic fibers within cables (fiber-optic cable) use

pulses of light

Wireless transmission use

modulation of specific frequencies of electromagnetic waves.

Topology diagrams, use ________ to represent devices within the network

symbols

Physical topology diagrams illustrate the ________ of intermediary devices and cable installation.

physical location

physical topology

logical topoligy

Logical topology diagrams illustrate ______ _______ _________ of the network.

devices, ports, and the addressing scheme

Small Home Networks

•connect a few computers to each other and the Internet

Small Office/Home Office

•enables computer within a home or remote office to connect to a corporate network

Medium to Large Networks

many locations with hundreds or thousands of interconnected computers

World Wide Networks

connects hundreds of millions of computers world-wide – such as the internet

Two most common types of networks

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Visual Representation of a LAN | WAN network

LANs are connected to each other using

WANs

Visual Representation of LAN and WAN connection

The following groups were developed to help maintain structure on the internet

•IETF

•ICANN

•IAB

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

Develops and maintains technical standards for the internet, such as communication protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP).

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)

Manages domain names, IP addresses, and the DNS system to ensure unique and organized addressing.

IAB (Internet Architecture Board)

Oversees internet standards and protocols, providing guidance on overall internet architecture and policies.

Visual Diagram of Intranet and Extranet

Popular services for home users and small offices include _________ ______, broadband digital subscriber line (DSL), _______ ___, and mobile services.

broadband cable | wireless WANs

•Organizations need faster connections to support __ ___________, ______ ____________, and data center storage.

IP phones, video conferencing

Home and Small Office Internet Connections consist of cable, ____, cellular, _______, and _______ _________

DSL | Satellite | Dial-Up Telephone

Cable connection offers _____ _________, always on, internet offered by cable television service providers

high bandwidth

A DSL connection offers high bandwidth, always on, internet connection that runs over a _______ _____.

telephone line

Corporate business connections consist of _________ ___, DSL, _________ ______ _____, and satellite

dedicated lease line, Ethernet WAN,

Dedicated lease line are

reserved circuits within the service provider’s network that connect distant offices with private voice and/or data networking.

Converged networks can deliver data, _____, and video over the same network infrastructure

voice

The converged network infrastructure uses the same

set of rules and standards.

Management Information Systems refer to

the ability to manage a collection of systems, which work together, allows a business to run smoothly and efficiently

Great management revolves around the ability to

communicate

John Locke is the father of _____ and developed the theory of ________

liberalism | property

Adam Smith is the father of ______ and develop the principles of _________ of labor and ______ enterprise

economics | division | free

The four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address to meet user expectations are

Fault Tolerance | Scalability | Quality of Service (QoS) | Security

A fault tolerant network limits the impact of a failure by limiting

the number of affected devices

Reliable networks provide redundancy by implementing

a packet switched network

Packet switching splits ______ into packets that are ______ over a network

traffic | routed

A scalable network can expand quickly and easily to support new users and applications without

impacting the performance of services to existing users.

Quality of Service (QoS) is the primary mechanism used to ensure

reliable delivery of content for all users.

•With a QoS policy in place, the router can more easily ______ the flow of _____ ___ _____ traffic.

manage | data and voice

Network infrastructure security consist of _________ _________ of network devices and preventing __________ _________ to the devices

physical security | unauthorized access

Information Security is protection of the _________ or ____ transmitted over the network

information | data

The are two main types of network security that must be addressed are

Network Infrastructure Security and Information Security

Three goals of network security

CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availibility)

Confidentiality

only intended recipients can read the data

Integrity

assurance that the data has not be altered with during transmission

Availability

assurance of timely and reliable access to data for authorized users

A NIC is a specialized port on a networking device that

connects to individual networks.

S1> is what mode

User Exec

Connect command in PKA terminal

opens a terminal connection

(Cisco) When part of a command is typed, the _____ key can be used to complete the partial command.

Tab

S1# is what mode

Privilleged Exec

S1 (config) #

global configuration mode.

S1# clock set 15:00:00 31 Jan 2035 does what

set clock to the date and time requested

enable command

turn on privilege exec

Switch# configure terminal

Switch(config)# hostname S1

S1(config)# exit

S1#

Assigning a name to a switch

configure terminal is what comand

to enter configuration mode

S1# config t

S1(config)# enable secret itsasecret

S1(config)# exit

S1#

enables an encrypted password that overwrites the enable password