Chemistry in Daily Life: Properties, Safety, and Applications

What role does chemistry play in our lives?

Chemistry is crucial in products we use at home, technology, and various community applications.

How does chlorine contribute to water safety?

Chlorine disinfects and purifies drinking water.

What is the purpose of fluoride in drinking water?

Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents cavities.

What is the function of alum in water treatment?

Alum removes impurities through coagulation.

How does sodium chloride assist in road maintenance?

Sodium chloride lowers the freezing point of water, preventing ice formation.

What is the benefit of calcium chloride in de-icing?

Calcium chloride works effectively at lower freezing temperatures.

How does sand improve road safety in winter?

Sand increases traction on slippery surfaces.

What role does nitrogen play in fertilizers?

Nitrogen promotes leaf growth and greening.

What is the effect of phosphorus in agricultural fertilizers?

Phosphorus enhances root and flower development.

How does potassium benefit plants?

Potassium improves overall plant health and yield.

What are some home applications of chemistry?

Cleaning products, food preservation, and personal care products.

What community benefits arise from chemistry?

Water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and materials for infrastructure.

What are the goals of science?

Prediction, control, understanding, and explaining.

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation or prediction of experimental observations.

Define a scientific law.

A concise statement of a relation that is always the same under any conditions.

What is a theory in scientific terms?

A well-tested unifying principle that explains a body of facts and laws.

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Differentiate between mass and weight.

Mass measures the amount of matter, while weight measures the effect of gravity on that matter.

What are the three main states of matter?

Solids, liquids, and gases.

What is sublimation?

The process of a solid changing directly into vapor when heated.

What is kinetic energy?

Energy possessed by a body due to its motion.

What is a physical property?

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the sample.

What are extensive properties?

Properties that depend on the amount of substance present, such as mass and volume.

What are intensive properties?

Properties that do not depend on the amount of substance, such as density and temperature.

Define a chemical property.

A characteristic that describes a substance's ability to combine with or change into other substances.

What is density?

The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.

Why is density considered an intensive property?

Density does not change regardless of the amount of substance present.

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

A physical change does not produce a new substance, while a chemical change results in a new substance.