clep college comp

effect

End result of a change

affect

Action of a change

Alliteration

the repetition of similar sounds

Simile

making a comparison with “like” or “as”

Antithesis

parallel structure of ideas that contrast each other

Allusion

a reference to a person, place, event, etc

Enumeration

a list of details about something

Exemplum

providing the reader with examples

Juxtaposition

putting things that are not similar next to each other

Paradox

a self-contradictory statement or argument

Author. (date of publication). name of item. place of publication: publisher.

book citation

Author. (date of publication). name of article. name of item, volume #, page #.

journal/magazine citation

mla book citation

Author. name of book. place of publication: publisher, date of publication.

mla in text book citation

(author last name page number)

Modifier

a word, phrase, or clause that provides additional information about another word or group of words in a sentence

Count noun

a noun that can be expressed in plural form, usually with an "s."

• Bird, birds

• Child, children

Non-count noun

a noun that can’t be expressed in plural form

• Milk

• Dust

Adjectives that can be used with both count and non-count nouns

enough, some, any

Adjectives that can only be used with non-count nouns

much, little

Adjectives that can only be used with count nouns

many, few

Adverb

Modifies - Helps answer the questions of “How, when, what, where”

• “Tom Longboat did not run badly”

Floating Modifier

a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence; changes the meaning of a sentence

• “Only I want to understand what she said” vs “I only want to understand what she said”

Complex Sentences

an independent clause with 1 or more dependent clauses

Compound-Complex Sentences

2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clause

Active voice

(subject is doing the action)

• “The student wrote the paper”

Passive voice

(subject is recieving the action)

• “The paper was written by the student”

Semicolons

used to separate two independent clauses or to make lists of extended words

Colons

used for explanations, quotations, and lists

Nonrestrictive clause

a clause that provides additional information to a sentence but is not essential to the sentence's meaning

• My niece, who was running around the room, had too much sugar earlier.

Idiom

a set expression or phrase that has a figurative meaning