Intro to family studies chapter 3

Sex

Biological distinction between male and females

Gender

Social construct referring to the social and psychological characteristics associated with being male or female

Gender binary

Term used to describe gender as either or

Gender non-binary

Gender viewed as a continuum of femineity and masculinity

Gender identity

Psychological state of feeling male, female, both, or neither

Gender roles

Social norms which specify the socially appropriate behavior for females and males in society

Gender role ideology

Beliefs about the proper role of relationships between women and men in society

Sex roles

Biological constraints on roles that can only be performed by one biological sex. Ex: sperm donor

Biosocial

Theory of gender role development: Emphasizes that gender roles are biologically based and have an evolutionary function

Bioecological

Theory of gender role development: Emphasizes the influence between an individual and their environment. Individuals will read what gender role behavior his or her society will tolerate and adapt accordingly

Social learning

Theory of gender role development: Emphasizes the role of reward and punishment and observational learning/ modeling

Identification

Theory of gender role development: Freudian theory that children acquire behaviors of same-sex parents. Not a popular theory however

Cognitive-developmental

Theory of gender role development: Children can identify male or female characteristics at about 30 months but don’t seek to become competent members of their gender group until around 6-7

Occupational sex segregation

The concentration of men and women in different occupations which has grown out of traditional gender roles

body image

Traditional female role negative consequence: Negative ______________

Income

Traditional female role negative consequence: Less ________

Relationship

Traditional female role positive consequence: Stronger ____________ focus

Life expectancy

Traditional female role positive consequence: Longer ______________

Intimacy

Traditional male role negative consequence: Fear of _____________

Emotion

Traditional male role negative consequence: limited expression of _____________

Movement

Traditional male role positive consequence: Freedom of ________________

Life satisfaction

Traditional male role positive consequence: Higher general ______________________