Election of 1880 (Gilded Age)

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6 Terms

1
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Democratic Bloc

  • White southerners (preservation of white supremacy)

  • Catholics 

  • Recent immigrants (especially Jews)

  • Urban working poor (pro-labor)

  • Most farmers

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Republican Bloc

  • Northern whites (pro-business)

  • African Americans

  • Northern Protestants 

  • Old WASPs (support for anti-immigrant laws) 

  • Most middle class

3
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Stalwarts

  • Supported Chester A. Arthur

  • Conservative Republicans

  • Opposed Civil Service Reform

    • Liked Jackson’s “Spoils System” known as “Patronage”

    • Rewarded for helping them get president

  • Senator Roscoe Conkling (New York) 

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Half-breeds

  • Supported James A. Garfield

  • Moderate factions of Republicans

  • Supported Civil Service Reform

  • Senator James G. Blaine (Maine)

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Tariffs

  • Tariff = tax on imported goods; used to protect young American industries

    • Democrats: supported only for revenue 

    • Republicans: supported high tariffs to protect industry in the North

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20th President

  • 20th president: James A. Garfield 

    • Inaugural Address of 1881: very pro equality

  • Eventually leads to Garfield’s assassination by Charles J. Guiteau

    • Bullet did not kill him, but he died from infections + blood poisoning

    • Guiteau (Stalwart) wanted to “reunite the Republicans”

    • He liked the spoils system