Bio 103 IUPUI - Yost - Exam 1

Clade of ALL things

metazoa

Clade for multicellular organisms (not true animals)

parazoa

What phylum belongs to Parazoa

Porifera (sponges)

clade for true animals and tissues

eumetazoa

2 branches of eumetazoa

radiata and bilateria

Radiata = ________blastic

diplo

Bilateria = _______blastic

triplo

what is the phylum for radiata

cnidaria

four classes of cnidaria

Hydrozoa

anthozoa

cubosoza

scysozoa

obelia belongs to which class of cnidaria

hydrozoa

which has body cavity: radiata or bilateria

bilateria

2 clades of bilateria

protostomia and deuterostomia

mouth first; spiral; determinate cleavage

protostomia

anus first; radial; indeterminate cleavage

deuterostomia

2 clades in protostomia

lophotrochozoa

ecdysozoa

ecdysis

molting

4 classes of platyhelminthes

Turbellaria

tremotada

Cestoda

manogea

planarian belongs to which class, phylum, and clade

clade: lophotrochozoa

phylum: Platyhelminthes

class: turbellaria

3 phylums in lophotrochozoa

platyhelminthes

Mollusca

annelida

2 phylums in ecdysozoa

arthropoda

nematoda

2 classes of subphylum chelicerata

arachnida - spiders

merostoma - horseshoe crab

crayfish belong to what class, subphylum, phylum, and clade

clade: ecdysozoa

phylum: arthropoda

subphylum: crustacea

class: malacostraca

which phylum of ecdysozoa are pseudocoelomates

nematoda

roundworms

nematoda

3 classes of annelida

polychaeta

hirundinea

oligochaete

earthworm

oligochaete

4 classes of mollusca

bivalvia

gastropoda

Cephalopoda

poltplacophora

class: snails and slugs

gastropoda

class: squids and octopus

cephalopoda

Class: clams and oysters

bivalvia

Platyhelminthes is what kind of coelom?

acoelomate

flatworms

platyhelminthes

3 phylums of deuterostomia

echinodermata

hemichordata

chordata

starfish belong to what class, phylum, and clade

clade: deuterostomia

phylum: echinodermata

class: asteroida

chondrichtyes

sharks

osteichthyes

bony fish

3 orders of amphibia

urodela

anura

apoda

urodela

salamanders

anura

frogs

testudine

turtles

squamata

snakes

aves

birds

birds belong to what phylum

chordata

protheria

eggs

eutheria

placenta

metatheria

pouch (kangaroos)

carapac and plasteron

top and bottom of turtle shell

what part of the turtle decides male and female

plasteron

reptilia are _____ therms

ecto

crocodiles have ___ chambered heart

4

palaeognath

flightless

neognath

flies

reptiles and birds have ___ bone(s) in their ear

1

placoid

toothlike

only craniate isosmotic with salt water

hagfish

hydrostatic skeleton in deuterostomia

echinodermata

sponge cells

porocyte

choanocytes

monoecious

hermaphrodite

sponges are _______cious

mono

cnidocil

trigger

gastrovascular cavity

cnidarian

2 body forms of cnidaria

polyp

medusa

which class of Platyhelminthes has sense organs

turbellarian

Mollusca have what kind of body cavity

coelomates

which classes of mollusca have open and closed circulatory

open - bivalve and gastropods

closed - cephalopods

eutely

nematoda

cell division leads to

blastula (hollow ball of cells)

advantages of marine habitats

buoyancy

fluid balance

abundant food source

disadvantages of marine habitats

salinity

which is more difficult: marine or freshwater

freshwater

adaptions for surviving variations

oxygen

temperature

turbidity

volume

where freshwater/saltwater meet

estuary

disadvantages of terrestrial environment

dessicaton

gravity

temperature

schizocoelous

protostome

enterocoelous

deuterstome

shared common ancestor

homology

two different, related species with no common ancestor: bat wing vs. bird wing

homoplastic

two different, unrelated species with no common ancestor: bird wing vs. cockroach

analogous

3 suborders of primates

prosimii

tarsiiformes

anthropoidea

hominini

humans

arboreal: new or old world monkeys

new

quadrupedal: new or old world monkeys

old

brachiation

gibbons and orangutans

pelvis: humans and gorillas

humans - short

gorillas - long

foramen magnum: humans and gorillas

humans - base

gorillas - rear

3 ancestors of humans

homo sapients

homo heidelbergenesis

homo neanderthalensis

4 requirements of chemical evolution

little or no free oxygen

energy source

chemical building blocks

time

communities present at geothermal vents

tube worms

how are protobionts similar to cells

excitability

osmotically active

simple chemical reactions

division

what do protobionts lack

no DNA to establish lineage

not self-replicating

most likely the source of the first free oxygen

cyanobacteria

autogenesis

single membrane organelles; inward budding

serial endosymbiosis

organisms living on or in one another; double membrane

prezygotic barriers

temporal

habitat

behavioral

mechanical

structural

gametic

barriers to hybrid longevity

inviability - abort

sterility - cannot reproduce

breakdown - dies out

allopatric speciation

physical separation

sympatric

no physical separation

reinforcement zone

hybrid is no longer produced

fusion zone

hybrid numbers increase

stability zone

hybrid stabilizes as new species