Health Psych exam 2

Health-related quality of life usually includes

A. physical functioning

B. psychological states

C. Social functioning

D. all the above

D

what is QOL

a persons perceived physical and mental health over time

what are the factors of QOL

1. physical functioning

2. psychological status

3. social functioning

4. symptoms of treatment

What are the three kinds of questions the CDC asks for when measuring QOL

1. core questions

2. limitation questions

3. symptom questions

what are the reasons why we study QOL

1. related to self-reported chronic illness

2. related to risk factors FOR chronic illness

3. guides possible interventions

4. identifies sub groups at risk for chronic illness

what are ways to manage chronic illness

• self-education

• therapy

• good sleep

what are some health behaviors linked to chronic illness

• poor nutrition

• lack of exercise

• tobacco use

• alcohol use

what are the psychological responses to chronic illness

• anxiety

• depression

• denial

what are some negative effects of chronic illness on self esteem

• body image

• achievement

• social self

• goals and plans

what are some positive responses of chronic illness on self esteem

• reordering priorities

• take greater control of health

• enhanced life - meaning and relationships

• greater empathy and compassion

positive beliefs for chronic illness are associated with better ______ and _______-

psychological adjustment and health outcomes

what are the health beliefs of chronic illness(3)

1. nature of illness

2. cause of illness

3. controllability of illness

what is the health belief “nature of illness”

think that their illnesses can be treated once, when in reality it needs to be managed for life (a lot of the time with cardiovascular disease)

what is the health belief “cause of illness”

Their illness is from exposure to something harmful, or due to the will of a higher power

• someone thinks their cancer is from their environment, they might not do anything because they don’t think they can

what is the health belief “controllability”

feeling that someone can do something about their illness

avoidant coping

• linked to worse adjustment

• fantasizing

• social withdraw

active coping

• linked to better adjustment

• information gathering

• taking control

results of cancer study and coping

• higher perceived stress correlated with more social support and both types of escape

• more positive emotions correlated with more social support and positive focus

 What is palliative Care?

Specialized medical care for people living with a serious illness.  This type of care is focused on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of the illness. The goal is to improve quality of life for both the patient and the family

What is a child life specialist? What do their responsibilities include?

 Help them understand what is happening, medical education, and distractions during medical procedures. Fixing the emotional issues working as a team with the doctors. 

who is likely to provide care to a family member? What

types of support are available for caregivers? How does advance planning help the

one receiving care and the caregiver?

 Females, and family related people. 

Dubner & Levitt (2006)

What health behavior is the focus of the research described in the article, and What message frames were used and which was most successful?

• hand washing

• Gain frame - giving out a giftcard for the people who washed their hands the most (did not work). What worked was a Loss frame fear appeal - they had each doctor culture their hand on an agar plate and put the photo of the bacteria on every screen saver on the computers 

What is meant by “healthy habits trump medicine”? What forms of social support,

both real and virtual, are described?

Healthy habits that are practiced throughout their lives are more effective than medicine to remedy chronic illnesses that could've been preventable.

T/F At any given time, half of the American population has a chronic illness.

True

t/f Measurement of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) assesses factors related to the illness but not the treatment.

false

t/f Measurement of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) can help guide the choice of interventions for people with chronic illness.

true

t/f Every day more than 2000 young "occasional" smokers become daily smokers.

true

t/f Anxiety and depression are important to treat for the well-being of the patient but are not related to the effectiveness of treatment for the chronic illness.

false

t/f Body image may be important for understanding eating disorders, but not for understanding chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.

false

t/f The experience of chronic illness can change a person's life in positive ways.

true

t/f In the meta-analytic study that looked at interventions for breast cancer patients, the researchers found that behavioral interventions were helpful but not physical interventions.

false

t/f The meta-analytic study of patients with heart failure found that nearly one third of these patients suffer significant depression.

true

t/f Regarding social support and death following a heart attack, the larger a person's social network the better the reduction of risk.

 

false - its the quality not the quanitity

What were the results from the behavioral interventions for cancer patients?

1. Behavioral interventions improved anxiety and depression

2. physical interventions improved fatigue, depression, body image, and QOL

how does illness affect relationships

• increased dependence

• shift in responsibilities

• impact on recreation

• children acting out in response

• can make family closer

what were the results in the study social support and mortality after heart attack

• social isolation increased risk of death

• social support may have an effect reducing risk of depression

what are the effects of caregiving

• risk of depression

• reduction of self care

• relationship strain

which frame usually works best gain or loss frames

People are generally loss-averse, reacting more intensely to potential losses than equivalent gains, which makes loss frames often more persuasive

a cognitive behavioral technique that involves changing environmental triggers for an undesirable behavior is called

A) behavior contracting

B) self monitoring

C) stimulus control

D) cognitive restructuring

stimulus control

what health behaviors lead to acute morbidity and mortality

drinking and driving

distracted driving

drug overdose

what health behaviors lead to chronic morbidity and mortality

poor eating habits

not enough exercise

smoking

drinking

drug use

unprotected sex

what was the purpose and the results of the alameda county study

• surveyed citizens on what was healthy to them and their habits

• those with the healthiest response were much healthier than those who marked only one healthy behaviors

• those ages 75 and older with all 7 good practices were healthier than those 35-44 who did less than 3

what is the health belief model

belief in health threat: based on values, vulnerability, severity + belief that a behavior can reduce threat: effectiveness, benefit exceed cost = BEHAVIOR CHANGE

what are the cons of the health belief model

leaves out self-efficacy

leaves out unconscious processes

leaves out non-health motivators

what is the theory of planned behavior model

attitudes (beliefs about outcomes) + norms (what others think) + perceived control → INTENTION → BEHAVIOR CHANGE

the stress appraisal process

Primary appraisal-

is the event positiv, negative neutral

if negative:

secondary appraisal- what can you do about it

what is the paradox of personal relevance

the people for whom the information is most relevant.. are the people who are least accepting of the info