Anatomy and Physiology - Tissues

Nervous Tissue

sensing stimuli and sending electrical impulses throughout the body

Muscle Tissue

provides movement

epithelial tissue

cover and protect the body

connective tissue

provide support

nervous tissue is made up of

neurons and glial cells

Neurons

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

Glial Cells

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

Cell body (soma)

contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life

Dendrites

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

Axon

the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Skeletal muscle

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

Proper Epithelium

covers and lines your outer and inner body

Glandular Epithelium

forms your glands and secretes hormones and other substances

primary epithelium

protects whole body inside and out

epithelial tissue function

protect your deeper layers of tissue from injury or infection

Avascular

without a blood supply

Epithelial tissues are

avascular

Squamous Cells

flattened and scale-like

Squamous Cells function

fast absorption and diffusion, making thin membranes

Cuboidal Cells

cube shaped cells

Cuboidal Cells function

absorb nutrients and produce secretions

Columnar Cells

tall and column shaped

Columnar Cells function

secretion and absorption

Simple Epithelium

single layer of cells

Stratified Epithelium

several layers of cells

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Appears layered but is a single layer.

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells

simple cuboidal epithelium

single layer of cube shaped cells

simple columnar epithelium

Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together

stratified squamous epithelium

multiple layers of flat cells

stratified cuboidal epithelium

multiple layers of cube shaped cells

stratified columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells

Epithelial cells are

polar

Apical side

faces either the outside of your body or whatever internal cavity its lining

Basal side

faces inside the body toward the blood

basement membrane

Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are attached to this.

glandular epithelium

Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances.

endocrine glands

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Exocrine glands

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

Proper connective tissue

loose and dense

fat

type of proper connective tissue which provides insulation and fuel storage

connective tissues originate from

mesenchyme

cartilage connective tissue

strong and flexible support material

bone connective tissue

mineralized and forms the skeleton

blood connective tissue

fluid extracellular matrix used to transport substances throughout the body.

Connective tissues have different degrees of

vascularity

all connective tissues are mostly composed of

non living material

extracellular matrix is made up of

ground substance and fibers

Ground substance

fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

collagen fibers

strongest and most abundant

Elastic fibers

Flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to tissue

reticular fibers

Fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched. Form a tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues.

Immature

blast

stem cells are

blast cells

Blast cells function

to secrete the ground substance and fibers that form its unique matrix

Mature

cyte

cyte cells

maintain the health of the matrix but can revert to blast cells to regenerate matrix

Connective tissue proper types

loose and dense

Loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, reticular

Dense connective tissue

Loose connective tissues have more

cells and ground substance

loose connective tissue have fewer

fibers

Areolar tissue

Binds skin to underlying organs

Adipose tissue

Tissue that stores fat.

Adipose tissue is mostly

cells

reticular tissue

provides a supportive framework to soft organs

reticular connective tissue has what

reticular fibers instead of collagen and elastic fibers

reticular tissue examples

lymph nodes and spleen

reticular tissue is what holds your

blood in place in many of your organs

Loose connective tissue share

airy dispersal of fibers

dense regular tissue

Connective tissue made from collagen fibers that run in the same direction (makes tendons and ligaments)

dense regular tissue examples

tendons and ligaments

tendons

Connect muscle to bone

ligaments

Connect bone to bone

dense irregular tissue

irregularty arranged collaged fibers with few fibroblasts, withstands pulling in many directions

dense elastic tissue

allows stretching

Cartilage has no

blood or nerves

hyaline cartilage

The most abundant cartilage type in the body; provides firm support with some pliability

elastic cartilage

cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage

3 types of cartilage

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage

cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord.

spongy bone tissue

hard, lightweight tissue of bone that has many spaces

compact bone tissue

the strongest form of bone tissue that makes up the bulk of the diaphysis of a long bone

in blood connective the ground substance is your

blood plasma, which has protein fibers floating around it

Erythrocytes

red blood cells, carry oxygen

Leukocytes

white blood cells, fight infection

Platelets

blood clotting

In blood fibers are replaced by a bunch of

proteins