Social Studies - Chapter 4 Grade 8

Laissez

faire policy - A non-intervention policy maintained during the age of big businesses. The US government encourages the growth of the industry. Because of this policy, some companies, such as steel and railroads, became extremely large.

J.P. Morgan Steel Company

Morgan purchased Carnegie's company in 1901 and reorganized it into the U.S. Steel Corporation, which became (At the time) the world's largest corporation and steel producer.

Process Carnegie used to make steel

On a trip to England, Carnugue learned about the Bessemer steel-making process.

Sherman Anti

trust Act of 1890 - Response to the public outcry against monopolistic companies, the first federal law of its kind. It launched the trust-busting era.

Horizontal integration

An example is the PA railroad

The most important freight carried by Railroads

Coal

Assembly Line

A system in which made cars less expensive

Centennial Exhibition

Visited by 10 million Americans to celebrate our nation's 10 years of independence by showing off new inventions.

Kinetoscope

A motion picture camera built by Thomas Edison and his team

Johnstown Flood

Johnstown, PA experienced the country's greatest natural disaster. Johnstown was our nation's largest producer of iron and steel.

Explain the Age of Big Business

Produced abundant social problems among the industrial workers of our nation. Major growth in the industry and machines

Matthias Baldwin

Built the first steam train

Clara Barton

- Rushe the American Red Cross to the Johnstown Flood site

Henry Bessemer

Invented a new process of blasting air through molten iron. STEEL

Andrew Carnegie

Built a steel empire using the Bessemer Process

Eugene Debs

Union leader of the Wobblies

Edwin Drake

Drilled our nation's first successful oil well

Samuel Gompers

president of the American Federation of Labor at its founding convention

Elias Howe

Invented the sewing machine

Eli Janney

solved the runaway car problem with the invention of the knuckle coupler

Mary Harris Jones

A union organizer who co-founded the I.W.W. and worked at strikes

Samuel Kier

Built our nation's first successful oil refinery

Terence Powderly

The leader of the Knights of Labor

George Pullman

Designed comfortable sleeper cars for the railroads

John D. Rockefeller

Built an oil-refining empire and founder of Standard Oil Company

Cornelius Vanderbilt

The richest man in America and controlled the ship industry

Alexander Bell

Invented the telephone

Thomas Edison

Invented the lightbulb and the kinetoscope

Henry Ford & Ransome Olds

Invented a car with an assembly line and was cheaper than a normal car

Mack Brothers

Founded the Mack Trucks

Samuel Morse

Co-developed the telegraph, but his system was simpler

John Pitcairn and John Ford

Established the glass industry

John Roebling

Invented the wire rope. Used for aqueducts and suspension bridges

Gustavus Swift

Revolutionized the meat-packing industry with the idea of a refrigerated railroad car

The Wright Brothers

Invented the airplane