chapter 6 - electronegativity and polarity

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Last updated 3:28 PM on 12/24/25
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15 Terms

1
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how does electronegativity increase?

it increases across a period as the number of protons increases and the atomic radius decreases

  • this is because the electrons in the same shell are pulled in more

2
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electronegativity meaning?

  • ability/tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond

3
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how does electronegativity decrease?

it decreases down a group because the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons increases and the shielding of the inner electrons increases

4
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what leads to a dipole (in electronegativity)?

what leads to a dipole (in electronegativity)?

5
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factors affecting electronegativity?

  • atomic radius

  • nuclear charge

  • shielding

6
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how does atomic radius affect electronegativity?

  • the closer bonding pair of electrons are to the nucleus, the stronger attraction there will be between the nucleus and bonding pair of electrons

7
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how does nuclear charge affect electronegativity?

  • the greater the number of protons, the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electrons

  • atomic radius decreases

8
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how does shielding affect electronegativity?

  • as the number of full shells of electrons increases, the greater the repulsion between the electrons in inncer shells and those in the outermost shell

  • atomic radius increases

9
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pauling scale?

knowt flashcard image
10
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what type of bond is an electronegativity difference of more than 1.8?

an ionic bond

11
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when will a bond be non-polar?

  • when the bonded atoms are the same

  • when the bonded atoms have the same or similar electronegativity

12
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what happens in a polar bond?

  • the bonded electron pair is shared unequally between the bonded atoms

  • a bond will be polar when the bonding atoms are different and have different electronegativity values, resulting in a polar covalent bond

13
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what is a dipole called in a polar covalent bond such as HCl?

  • a permanent dipole

    • to distinguish it from an induced dipole

14
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polar molecule meaning?

  • molecule that requires polar bonds with dipoles that do not cancel out due to their direction

15
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polar bond meaning?

  • when 2 atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally

  • this creates partial charges on the atoms

    • a molecule can contain polar bonds without being polar