Kinesiology Module II and III

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201 Terms

1
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True or False. Muscles work together in synergy for function, rather than as a single muscle performing a single actions
True
2
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Bony alignment and muscle synergies allow for
Extensive range of motion to reach and manipulate objects along with coordinated and controlled movements
3
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What joints make up the shoulder complex?
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Scapulothoracic joint
Glenohumeral joint
4
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What joints make up the Elbow and Forearm?
- Humeral ulnar joint
- Proximal radio-ulnar joint
- Distal radio-ulnar joint
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What joint is associated with the wrist?
Radiocarpal joint
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What joints are associated with the hand?
Carpometacarpal joints
Interphalangeal joints
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The scapula is deviated \____ degrees from the frontal plane.
About 35
8
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The "scapular plane" is defined as what?
The resting spot of the scapula.
9
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How many degrees posterior is the clavicle to the frontal plane?
20 degrees
10
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How many degrees of retroversion does the humerus have?
30 degrees
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What is the joint that attaches the axial and appendicular skeletons of the upper body?
Sternoclavicular joint
12
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Ligament structures give what type of stabilization?
Passive
13
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Muscles give what type of stabilization?
Active
14
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What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Planar joint
15
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True or False: you don't name the arthrokinematics for the AC joint due to the shapes of the bones.
True
16
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The angle of inclination of the humerus does what?
Orients the humeral head in the right plane
17
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True or False: Gravity does not play a role in keeping the humeral head in the glenoid fossa.
False, gravity does play a role in keeping the humeral head in the glenoid fossa.
18
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What joint is not a true joint?
scapulothoracic joint
19
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What is the scapulothoracic joint considered to be?
A point of contact between the scapula and thorax that is separated by muscles
20
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The average resting posture of the scapula
- 10 degrees of anterior tilt
- 5-10 degrees of upward rotation
- 35 degrees of internal rotation
All together this is known as the scapular plane
21
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Why is the resting posture of the scapula deviated from the frontal plane?
So it is able to fit around the ribs.
22
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What is normal cubital valgus values?
13 plus or minus 6 degrees
23
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Anything excessive of normal cubital valgus values is considered
Excessive cubital valgus
24
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Little to no angle in the elbow is considered
Varus
25
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Excessive valgus is sometimes referred to as
Gun Stock Deformity
26
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Which deviation has more movement?
Ulnar Deviation
27
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What is the ulnar tilt in the radiocarpal joint?
25 degrees upward tilt towards ulna
28
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What is the palmar tilt in the radiocarpal joint?
10 degrees upward tilt towards palm
29
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Is there more movement in flexion or extension of the radiocarpal joint?
Flexion
30
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Changes in typical tilts will affect \______ of the wrist and hand muscles.
the length-tension relationships
31
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The opening within above carpal bones for muscle attachments and nerves of the hand.
Carpal Tunnel
32
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What features create the carpal tunnel?
Transverse carpal ligament and proximal transverse arch
33
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What arch is found along the 3rd ray of the hand, where the distal end is very mobile and the proximal end is very stable?
Longitudinal arch
34
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What arch is found at the MCP joints with mobile sides? This joint is also described as a keystone.
Distal transverse arch
35
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What arch is found along the distal row of carpal bones and has a static rigid arch that forms the carpal tunnel?
Proximal Transverse arch
36
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What are the osteokinematics of the SC joint?
- Elevation/Depression
- Protraction/retraction
- Posterior Rotation
37
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How many total degrees of freedom does the SC joint have?
6
38
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What are the osteokinematics of the AC joint?
- Upward/Downward rotation of the scapula (frontal)
- Anterior/Posterior Tilt of the scapula (sagittal)
- Internal/External rotation of scapula (transverse)
39
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SC elevation + AC downward rotation \=
Scapular Elevation
40
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What motions of the AC and SC joints give scapular depression?
SC depression + AC upward rotation
41
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SC protraction + AC internal rotation \=
Scapular Protraction
42
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SC retraction + AC external rotation
Scapular Retraction
43
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SC elevation + AC upward rotation \=
Scapular Upward Rotation
44
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SC depression + AC downward rotation \=
Scapular Downward Rotation
45
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Name the planes of the glenohumeral joint
Sagittal, Frontal, and Transverse
46
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Name the motions at the glenohumeral joint
Flexion/Extension, Internal/External rotation, Ab/Adduction
47
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What are the 6 kinematic principles of abduction to achieve full 180 degrees abduction of the upper extremity?
- 2:1 scapulohumeral rhythm
- 60° scapular upward rotation is a result of SC and AC joint motion
- Clavicle retracts at SC joint - Scapula posteriorly tilts and externally rotates
- Clavicle posteriorly rotates around its axis
- GH joint externally rotates
48
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How much abduction could occur if scapulothoracic joint could not move?
120 degrees
49
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What is the ratio of GH joint abduction to scapulothoracic upward rotation?
2:1 (ex. in 3 degrees of abduction, there is 2 from the GH joint and 1 from the ST)
50
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How many total degrees of shoulder abduction are there?
180 degrees
51
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The GH joint contributes how much to shoulder abduction?
120 degrees
52
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Scapulothoracic upward rotation contributes how much to shoulder abduction?
60 degrees
53
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Name the plane(s) and movements associated with the humero-ulnar joint
Sagittal. Flexion/Extension
54
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What joint is responsible for pronation and supination?
Distal radioulnar joint
55
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In supination
radius and ulna are parallel
56
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In pronation
radius crosses over the ulna
57
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True or False. Pronation and supination occurs at the elbow joint
False. Pronation and supination does NOT occur at the elbow joint
58
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Name the movements at the radiocarpal joint
Flexion/Extension and Ulnar/Radial Deviation
59
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What is the ROM for flexion and extension in the radiocarpal joint?
- Extension 60-75 degrees
- Flexion 70-85 degrees
60
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What is the ROM for radial and ulnar deviation in the radiocarpal joint?
- Radial dev. 15-20 degrees
- Ulnar dev. 35-40 degrees
61
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At the 1st carpometacarpal joint, ab/adduction occurs in the
Sagittal Plane
62
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At the 1st carpometacarpal joint, flexion/extension occurs in the
Frontal Plane
63
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What two osteokinematic motions combine to create opposition?
abduction and flexion (with medial rotation)
64
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What are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint for open chain abduction?
Superior roll and inferior glide of humerus
65
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What are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint for open chain adduction?
Inferior roll and superior glide of humerus
66
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What are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint for open chain flexion?
Spin of the humerus on glenoid
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What are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint for open chain extension?
Spin of the humerus on glenoid
68
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What are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint for open chain internal rotation?
Anterior roll and posterior glide of humerus
69
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What are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint for open chain external rotation?
Posterior roll and anterior glide of humerus
70
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What are the arthrokinematics of the SC joint for open chain elevation?
Convex articular surface rolls superiorly and simultaneously slides inferiorly on the concavity of the sternum
71
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What are the arthrokinematics of the SC joint for open chain retraction?
Concave articular surface of the clavicle rolls and slides posteriorly on the convex surface of the sternum
72
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What are the arthrokinematics of the humero-ulnar joint for open chain flexion?
Anterior roll and glide of ulna
73
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What are the arthrokinematics for distal radioulnar supination?
Dorsal roll and glide
74
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What are the arthrokinematics for distal radioulnar pronation?
Palmar roll and glide
75
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What are the arthrokinematics for radiocarpal open chain wrist extension?
Dorsal roll and palmar glide
76
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What are the arthrokinematics for radiocarpal open chain wrist flexion?
Palmar roll and dorsal glide
77
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What are the arthrokinematics for radial deviation?
radial roll and ulnar glide
78
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What are the arthrokinematics for ulnar deviation?
ulnar roll and radial glide
79
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In the 1st CMC, roll and glide are referred to as \____ for extension/flexion
Dorsal or palmar
80
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In the 1st CMC, roll and glide are referred to as \____ for ab/adduction
anterior or posterior
81
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What ligament has tension with adduction and inferior and anterior translation?
Superior GH ligament
82
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What ligament has tension with 45-60 degrees of abduction with external rotation and anterior translation
Middle GH ligament
83
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The superior GH ligament is located
Anterior to long head of biceps
84
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The middle GH ligament blends with
capsule and subscapular tendon
85
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What does the inferior GH ligament attach to?
labrum
86
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What part of the Inferior GH ligament has tension with 90 degrees abduction and full external rotation? It is also a primary restraint for anterior translation.
Anterior band
87
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What part of the Inferior GH ligament has tension with 90 degrees abduction and anteroposterior and inferior translation?
Axially pouch
88
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What part of the Inferior GH ligament has tension with 90 degrees abduction and full internal rotation?
Posterior band
89
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What is the primary restraint for anterior translation? This also happens to be the strongest and thickest part of the GH capsule.
Anterior band of inferior GH ligament
90
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Describe the labrum
It is a fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds the glenoid and deepens the socket for the humeral head for better stability
91
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Passive restraint of the GH joint is provided by
Glenoid labrum and the long heads of the biceps tendon
92
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Because of the anatomical position of the long head of biceps....
it will provide stability, limit anterior translation, and superior migration of the humeral head.
93
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What provides active stabilization of the GH joint?
Muscles of the rotator cuff
94
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The downward force on the humeral head counteracts
excessive superior translation, especially caused by the deltoid
95
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True or False. The anterior fiber bundle of the MCL is the strongest and stiffest of the elbow and forearm ligaments
True
96
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The MCL fibers
Stabilize against valgus producing force/valgus torque and resist some longitudinal distraction.
97
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The anterior part of the MCL
is best at resisting valgus. it also resists during all flexion and extension ROM
98
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The posterior part of the MCL
Resists valgus and extreme elbow flexion
99
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The transverse part of the MCL
Provides limited stability of the joint
100
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The LCL fibers
have greater variability in form than the MCL and resist varus-producing forces