B.2.1 Newtons LAws of Motion

what does the slope if velocity-time graph represent?

acceleration

A car speeds up from 0 to 12 m/s in 3s. What is its acceleration?

4 m/s²

A cycilist covers 30 km in 1 hour. What is their average speed?

30 km/h

A ball drops from rest for 3s, acccelerating at 10 m/s². What is its final velocity?

30 m/s

A car’s velocity changes from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 5s. Whis is the acceleration?

2 m/s²

A runner moves with constant velocity. What must be zero?

acceleration

A runner completes one full lap on a 400m track. What is their displacement?

0m

A student walks 3m east, then 4m west. What is their distance traveled?

7m

The motion of an object depends on the _______

net force (sum of all forces)

If forces are balanced that means ________

no acceleration

If forces dont balance that means

objects accelerate in the dircetion of the net force

Factors that affect stability

• center of mass height (lower = more stable)

• base of support size (larger = more stable)

• line of gravity realtive to base (must fall inside the base to stay balanced)

• Mass (more mass = harder to move = more stable)

Impulse =

froce x time

Impulse explanation

a bigger impulse —> bigger change in momentum —> bigger change in speed

Principle of Impulse Direction

the direction of the applied impulse determines the direction of motion.

• push forward —> moves forward

• push upward —> moves upward

In a soccer game, why does a player feel more impact when kicking a stationary ball compared to a ball rolling away?

Impulse (Force × time of contact) is equal to the change in momentum. When kicking a stationary ball, the change in momentum is greater, which leads to a larger impulse and thus a larger peak impact force felt by the player