Proteinaceous Concentrates and Oilseed Meals

Flashcards from lecture notes on proteinaceous concentrates and oilseed meals for animal feed.

Proteinaceous Concentrates

Specially designed products for mixing before feeding, used at inclusion rates of 5% with planned proportions of cereals and other feeds.

Proteinaceous Concentrates

Protein-rich feeds such as fishmeal, containing > 200 g CP/kg DM.

Oil Meals

Derived from oil-bearing seeds grown to produce oils for human consumption and industrial processes.

Oil Meals Examples

Soya beans, Rape seed, Sunflower seed, Cotton seed, Palm kernel, Sesame and Groundnut seed

Oil extraction methods

Hydraulic pressure (Expeller) and Solvent extraction.

Solvent extraction (Oil)

More efficient, leaving <1% oil in the residue.

Expeller methods (Oil)

Leaves up to 6% oil in the residue.

Decorticating seeds

Process of removing seed coats to affect fiber levels.

Sunflower Meal (SFM)

Produced in the hydraulic or solvent extraction of oil from the seed, with hulls usually partially removed.

Sunflower Meal (SFM) - Fiber

High levels of fiber (up to 390 g/kg).

Sunflower Meal (SFM) - Protein

Low in lysine but contains twice as much methionine as SBM

Sunflower Meal (SFM) - Nutrient Content (% DM)

TDN (68 - 75), CP (32 - 45), CF (11 - 24), Ca (0.4) & P (1)

Soya Bean Meal (SBM)

The product obtained by grinding the seeds or the portion thereof remaining after the removal of most of the oil.

Soya Bean Meal (SBM)

One of the best sources of protein available to animals if properly prepared

Solvent extracted SBM

44-50% CP

Soya Bean Meal (SBM)

The most important protein source used to feed farm animals; represents two-thirds of the total world output of protein feedstuffs.

Soya Bean Meal (SBM)

The standard to which other protein sources are compared.

SBM oil

Has a laxative effect and may result in soft body fat.

Toxic substances in SBM

Allergic, Goitrogenic and Anti - coagulant factors

Nutritionally important inhibitors in SBM

Anti - Trypsin factor and the Chymptrypsin inhibitor

Groundnut Meal (GNM)

Usually made from fat extruded kernels ground with added peanut hulls.

GNM protein

Sub optimal amounts of cystine and methionine; lysine is the limiting amino acid.

GNM Nutritive Properties (%)

CP 40-48, CF, 6-13, TDN 70-80, Ca 0.2-0.3, P 0.6

Reasons for limiting GNM in pig and poultry diets

It might lead to soft body fat and has a laxative action in pigs and poultry

Aflatoxin

Metabolite of a fungus Aspergillus fluvus

Cotton Seed Meal (CSM)

Results from the kernels being removed from the leathery hulls, crushed and the oil extracted.

Cotton Seed Meal (CSM)

Has a costive action which may be beneficial in diets containing large amounts of laxative constituents.

Reasons for limiting CSM in pig and poultry diets

Low protein quality and poisoning potential

CSM Nutritive composition (%)

CP 36-41, CF 10-14, TDN 61-70, Ca 0.17, P 1.1

Gossypol

A yellow toxic pigment, a polyphenolic aldehyde that is an anti - oxidant and polymerisation inhibitor that is poisonous to simple stomached animals but does not affect ruminants.

Rape Seed Meal (RSM)

Produced from Rape (Brassica napus) by oil extraction and hull removal; common particularly in cooler climates.

Rape Seed Meal (RSM)

Has less lysine and more methionine than Soya.

Anti-nutrients in RSM

Thiocyanates and Goitrin

Goitrogenic

Producing or tending to produce goitre which is a morbid enlargement of the thyroid gland