Allied Health Chapter 11

Nutrition

all body processes relating to foods

nutritional status

state or condition of one's health as influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients

hypertension

high blood pressure

fat; salt

Hypertension can be caused by excess amounts of ____ or ___ in diet; can lead to heart, blood vessel, and kidney disease

Atherosclerosis

narrowing of arteries due to an accumulation of fatty substances (plaque) in blood vessels

Atherosclerosis

caused by diet high in fat and cholesterol; can lead to heart attack or stroke

diabetes

metabolic disease caused by an insufficient section of use of insulin (from pancreas) leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood

malnutrition

the state of poor nutrition

essential nutrients

chemical elements found in food used by the body to perform body functions

carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

what are the 6 essential nutrients?

carbohydrates

major source of readily useable energy and structural material, commonly called starch or sugars

bread, milk, and pasta

what are 3 food sources of carbs?

lipids

large class of organic compounds, basis for energy, insulation, and protection

oils, meats, and cheese

what are 3 food sources of lipids?

triglycerides

(lipid) energy storage, temperature regulation, and structural material

phospholipids

(lipid) protective barrier around cell membrane

sterols

(lipid) cholesterol, chemical messages (hormones)

Saturated fats

solid at room temperature, found in animal based food

polysaturated fats

soft or oil at room temperature, found in plant based foods

proteins

basic components of all body cells. used for building and repairing tissue, regulating body functions, preventing disease, and providing energy

meat, eggs, and beans

what are 3 food sources of protein?

vitamins

essential organic compounds that are important for metabolism, tissue building, and regulation of body processes

antioxidants

help protect the body against harmful chemicals by preventing cell damage

minerals

inorganic elements found in all body tissues

Minerals

_____regulate body fluids, contribute to growth, and aid in building tissues

13 cups/day

how many cups of water should men drink per day?

9 cups/day

how many cups of water should women drink per day?

digestion

process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts and changes food chemically as it moves through the digestive system

mechanical digestion

chewing, churning of stomach muscles

chemical digestion

mixed with saliva, gastric juices, and enzymes

absorption

blood or lymph capillaries pick up digested nutrients and carried to every all in the body by circulatory system

small intestine

what intestine does absorption mostly occur?

metabolism

process in which nutrients are used by cells to building tissue, providing energy, and regulating body functions

heat and energy

what are the byproducts that are released during metabolism?

calorie

unit of measurement for the fuel value of food

4cal/g

How many calories are in 1 gram of carbs and proteins?

9 cal/g

How many calories are in 1 gram of fats?

True

True or False: There are 0cal/g in vitamins, minerals, and water.

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

rate at which the body uses energy for maintaining without doing any voluntary work (resting metabolism)

grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy and protein

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) classifies 5 major food groups: _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____

grains

low fat, rich in complex carbs, high fiber, vitamins, and minerals

6

How many oz of grains are recommended per day?

vegetables

carbs, dietary fiber, vitamin A, C, and folate, low in fat

2 1/2

How many cups of vegetables is recommended per day?

fruit

rich in carbs, dietary fiber, and vitamins

2 cups

How many cups of fruit is recommended per day?

dairy

high in protein, carbs, calcium, and vitamins

3

How many cups of dairy is recommended per day?

protein

high in protein, iron, vitamins, and minerals

5 1/2

How many oz of protein is recommended per day?

1. Balance calories

2. Reduce certain foods and food components

3. Increase certain foods and nutrients

4. Build health eating patterns

What are the 4 steps that USDA recommends to keep a balanced healthy diet?

calorie; physical activity

1. Balance calories

-control total _____ intake to manage body weight/health status

-Increase and maintain _______

2,300, salt; saturated fats; sugars

2. Reduce certain foods and food components

-Less than ____mg/day of _____

-less than 10% of calories from ______

-less than 10% of calories from ____

-Limit added sugars

-limit refined grains

-limit solid fats

whole grains

3. Increase certain foods and nutrients

-fruit and vegetable intake and variety of _____ and proteins

benefits

4. Build health eating patterns

-Assess foods for ____

-Make good choices