geography case study paper 1 urban

suburbanisation - Newcastle causes, affects on inner/outer city

causes: improved communication networks, local tax and land price increase meant more affordable and demanding homes

effects inner city - air pollution from congestion, more people wealthy outsides, a decline int he central city / donuts city

effects outer city - the green belt has had to be stretched, new development schemes e.g. 400m away from bus stop, communities split from new people

counter urbanisation - Sti Ives. causes, effect, adv dis

background - small rural town 100km from London, has a Victorian style look

causes - many people want a rural lifestyle close to large cities, the train ticket is cheaper than living in london (£3,200), the appeal of housing.

adv: more population means more tax and importance to the Uk, more designer shops have arrived

dis: house priced doubled in 14 years, split between young families and older generation, schools are full, housing developers are difficult to manage

Urban resurgance: London docklands L context, adv dis

context:

• a former economical zone lost with the size of ships, becoming a derelict area

• LDDC introduces to aid people

adv:

• 24,00 new homes

• new transport and bike lanes in 1987

dis:

• conflict between locals and new people due to introduction of premium apartments

• many locals forced out due to high prices

enterprise zone - Merry hill: context, adv dis

context

• the development created 217 stores

• 4,000 jobs

adv:

• allowed for the regeneration fo a derelict area, creating economic opportunities in the Midlands

dis:

• many people who had industrial skills were not needed, leading to poverty and people moving away

city challenge: hulme: context causes, consequences

context: a need for homes for the increasing population meant housing was needed, this rows of stacked flats where cheaply made to give people homes  

causes:

• Insulation issues due to cheap materials  

• The poor design lead to less efficient homes, which was a difficult issue during the oil crisis  

consequences:

• You were 30X more likely to be killed  

• Many of the homes became council housing, bringing in the poorest of households  

• The crime and drug use was common  

Contrasting Urban form: LA

• LA is mostly known for it’s history of holywood, this brings in the rich actors to live near or in LA

• this leads to the creation of large, open rich neighbourhoods to suit the needs of actors and celebrities who want to afford luxury

• This history had lead to mass tourism over the years, leading to the opening of Disneyland in 1955

  • the economic state - donut city, with rough areas and ganfs in the middle and more economic areas around the center

contrasting urban form: Mumbai

• Mumbai is home to Bollywood, large Indain movies

• Economic hub of India, with large tech companies such as TATA

• there are higher numbers of povertiy due to the unsustainable growth

• low tax means less supporgt and growth for people’s aid

• dialy life is unhealthy due to smoke pollution and transport incidents

  • 1000 new migrants a day

London diverse backgrounds: Harrow and Tower Hamlets

Harrow:

• languages - Tamil, Polish, Somalian

• birthplaces - Kenya, Somalia

• population density - high density

• life expectancy - above average

Tower Hamlets:

• language - Polish, German

• birthdplace - USA and Germany

• population density - more cramped and above average

• life expectancy: average

Air pollution - Beijing

issues:

• extreme temperatures (-20 in winter and 26 in Summer)

• 57% (over half) of fuel from coal

• 6 million cars on the road

• 2008 Olympics, Olympians did not want to compete

Solutions:

• transitioning away from coal to renewable and natural gas

• introducing a car lottery

  • making sure a car is not used for at least 1 day a week

river restoration (removing hard engineering and returning to nature)- Darlington

• 1850 to 1945, the river was straightned for industrial purposes

• made the river polluted with sewer water and leakages

• 1995, a plan to change the are into an attractive wetland environment, thriving with life was made

  • it was done to reduce the flood risk, treat water issues and increase biodiversity in Darlington

river conservation (planting wildlife) blue loop, Sheffield

• rive rused for industrial purposes left it dirty and buildings near in derelict states

• until the 1992 Sheffield development co-operation was formed

  • it aimed to rejuvenate the area for walking, encourage biodiversity and creating a community to aid the river

SUDS, Lamb Drove

a Euroean project to prove how SUDS can be used in new housing developments

they used:

• water butts

• permeable surfaces

• filter strips

adv:

• reduced metal found in the water

• cost effective as maintenance was 10% less

• created a mark-up due to USP

dis:

• risks when it comes to large dips for SUDS cna be dangerous for people (especially children)

• lower density of housing can be made

• need specialised architects and builders who know waht to do