Canine Feline Transfusion medicine

Different substances used for Transfusion medicine

Blood, Fresh plasma, Frozen plasma

Indications for Blood Transfusion medicine

Acute hemorrhage, chronic or hemolytic anemia, patient PCV drops below 20-25%.

Indications for Fresh Plasma Transfusion medicine

Severe thrombocytopenia with hemorrhage or need for surgery.

Indications for Frozen Plasma Transfusion medicine

Coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, failure of passive transfer of immunity.

What are some vet tech responsibilities when it comes to blood product transfusions?

Donor collections, separation and storage, administration, patient monitoring.

What are some things to look for to make sure a blood donor animal is healthy?

Temperament, adequate PCV, body weight, TP. Good jugular vein access.

What is the minimum PCV, weight, and TP necessary for blood donor DOGS

PCV: 45% min, Weight: 25kg min, TP: within reference range.

What is the minimum PCV, weight, and TP necessary for blood donor CATS

PCV: 35% min , Weight: 5kg min, TP: within reference range.

What is the minimum PCV, weight, and TP necessary for blood donor HORSES

PCV: 35% min, Weight: 450kg min, TP: less or equal to 6.0g/dl.

What is the max % of blood volume donation that can be given?

15%-20% of blood volume is max.

What kind of weight is blood collection calculations based on?

Lean* body weight

What is the CANINE range for amount blood donation.

13-17ml/kg of body weight.

What is the FELINE range for amount blood donation.

11-15ml/kg of body weight.

What anticoagulant do you use for blood collection?

Sodium citrate.

What anticoagulants are used for storage of blood?

Citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD), and Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA).

How many of the 12 blood group system in DOGS belong to DEA

6

What does DEA stand for?

Dog erythrocyte antigen.

What DEA antigen has the most severe reactions?

DEA 1 antigen.

What blood type should be tested for in DOGS because it can have severe transfusion reactions?

DEA 1 antigen.

What types of blood types should blood banks keep for DOGS?

DEA 4 positive only because they are universal for dogs, minimizing risks in transfusions.

What % of dogs does DEA 4 positive occur in?

98%

Blood types in CATS

Type A, B, and AB

What % of Cats are Type A?

95-97%

What % of Cats are Type B?

2-5%

What % of Cats are Type AB?

Very rare, 1% or less.

Type A in Cats

Most common in DSH and DLH, If given type B transfusion, RBC half life is decreased to 2 days.

Type B in Cats

Less common, seen in purebreds, some DSH. Fatal reaction can occur if given type A transfusions.

Type AB in Cats

Can be transfused with A or B blood.

What test is used to see if a Dog is DEA 1.1

Agglutination screening. RBC (DEA 1.1) antigen reacts with antibody on the test card.

Two types of Blood typing.

Agglutination screening and cross-matching

Cross-Matching blood typing

Major: detects agglutination reactions between donor’s RBCs and recipients plasma. Minor: Detects agglutination reactions between donor’s plasma and recipients RBCs.

3 different blood products

Whole blood, PRBCs, Plasma: platelet rich, fresh frozen, frozen, cryoprecipitate.

Indications to give Fresh whole blood

Anemia, platelet and factor replacement

Indications to give Packed Red Cells

Anemia, blood loss.

Indications to give Fresh and Fresh Frozen Plasma

Coagulation factor deficiencies, vWD, DIC hypoproteinemia.

What should always be used with any blood product administration?

Filters should always be used with any blood product!

Prepping whole blood: temp

Cool, room temp unless hypothermic.

What to not give whole blood with? Why?

Hyper- or hypotonic solutions, and calcium-containing solutions. Because they can cause the cells to shrink or burst. Calcium can start clotting process.

Determining volume/rate for administrating blood perfusion

Estimating patient’s blood loss and volume. Slowly, and monitoring. Transfusion should be given within 4 hours.

Why give within 4 hours?

To try to avoid it warming to room temp because things could start to grow.

What do you need to do before giving frozen plasma?

Thawing in water bath.

How much plasma to give dog?

10-15ml/kg

How much plasma to give cats?

5-8ml/kg

How often to check and monitor transfusion?

Ever 5 minutes! first 15 minutes are critical! TPR, MM, CRT, Mentation.

How much plasma given before rate can increase?

0.3mg/kg given over 20-30 minutes.

Acute allergic hypersensitivity transfusion reactions.

Erythema (red skin), Eruticaria (hives), Pruritis, Anaphylaxis!

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.

Incompatible blood; happens fast. hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, progressive anemia/lack of PCV increase.

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions.

From improper handling, 24 hours after transfusion.

Non-hemolytic immune transfusion reactions.

Fever (most common)

Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)

Large volume or rapidly delivered.

Watching for with transfusion reactions/from blood/ results?

Transmission of infectious disease, bacterial contamination, citrate toxicity, hypothermia.