Chapter 3 - Anatomy for sterile processing technicians

What are the 3 components of the cell?

1. Cell membrane

2. Cytoplasm

3. Nucleus

What are the 3 components of the nucleus

1. DNA

2. RNA

3. CHROMOSOMES

How many bones are there in the human body?

206

Gliding joints

Spinal column and neck

Ball and socket joints

Shoulder and hip

Pivot joints

Palm of hand where it swivels

Hinge Joints

knees, knuckles, and elbows

What are the four primary tissue types?

1. Nervous Tissues

2. Muscle Tissues

3. Epithelial Tissues

4. Connective Tissues

What does red bone marrow produces

Blood cells

What does yellow bone marrow stores?

Energy as fat

Cell

The smallest structural unit that is the unit of life.

Cell membrane

The outer covering of a cell that regulates what enters and leaves it

CYTOPLASM

THE CLEAR JELLY LIKE SUBSTANCE OF A CELL BETWEEN THE CELL MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS.

NUCLEUS

THE FUNCTIONAL CENTER OF A CELL THAT GOVERNS ACTIVITY AND HEREDITY

TISSUE

A GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT PERFORM A SPECIALIZED FUNCTION

ORGAN

A PART OF THE BODY CONTAINING TWO OR MORE TISSUES THAT FUNCTION TOGETHER FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE

BODY SYSTEM

A GROUP OF ORGANS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO CARRY OUT A SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

TENDON

A CORD OF FIBROUS TISSUE THAT ATTACHES A MUSCLE TO A BONE

LIGAMENT

A BAND OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONNECTS A BONE TO ANOTHER BONE

CARTILAGE

A TYPE OF FLEXIBLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

OSSIFICATION

THE PROCESS BY WHICH CARTILAGE IS REPLACED BY BONE.

JOINT

A PLACE WHERE TWO BONES MEET.

FASCIA

BAND OR SHEET OF FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

ALL NERVE TISSUE OUTSIDE THE CNS

BRAIN

THE MAIN CONTROL UNIT OF THE CNS

CEREBRUM

LARGEST PART OF THE BRAIN THAT CONTROLS MENTAL ACTIVITIES AND MOVEMENT

CEREBELLUM

SECOND LARGEST PART OF THE BRAIN THAT CONTROLS MUSCLE COORDINATION, BODY BALANCE, AND POSTURE.

BRAIN STEM

CONTROLS MANY AUTOMATIC BODY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS HEARTBEAT AND BREATHING

PERISTALSIS

THE RIPPLING MOTION OF MUSCLES IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT THAT MIXES FOOD WITH GASTRIC JUICES TO FORM A THIN LIQUID

HORMONES

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT TRAVEL THROUGH THE BLOOD AND ACT ON TARGET ORGANS

METABOLISM

CHEMICAL CHANGES BY WHICH THE NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES OF AN ORGANISMS ARE MAINTAINED

INSULIN

A HORMONE THAT REDUCES THE LEVEL OF SUGAR IN THE BLOOD

GLUCAGON

A HORMONE THAT CAN INCREASE THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL

SPERM

Male sex cell

OVUM

Female sex cell (egg)

CHROMOSOMES

Rod shaped structures responsible for inherited characteristics passed on from parent to child.

TESTES

Male reproductive gland that forms and secretes sperm and several fluid elements in semen.

SCROTUM

Sac in which testes are suspended.

EPIDIDYMIS

A tube that carries sperm cells from the testes to the vas deferens.

VAS DEFERENS

A duct that transfers sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle.

SEMINAL VESICLE

A gland that produces semen.

SEMEN

A mixture of sperm cells and secretions from several male reproductive glands

EJACULATORY DUCT

A duct formed by joining the seminal vesicle with the vas deferens, through which semen moves during ejaculation.

URETHRA

Tube that discharges urine.

PROSTATE GLAND

Produces a fluid element in semen that stimulates the movement of sperm.

VAGINA

A muscular canal in a female that extends from an external opening to the neck of the uterus.

CERVIX

Lower end (neck) of the uterus.

UTERUS

A female organ within which the fetus develops during pregnancy.

ENDOMETRIUM

Lining of the uterus.

FALLOPIAN TUBES

Slender tubes that convey the ova (eggs) from the ovaries to the uterus.

OVARIES

Female reproductive organs.

KIDNEYS

Organs that removes excess water and waste substances from the blood in a process that yields urine

URETERS

Tube like structures extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder that move urine between these organs

URINARY BLADDER

The reservoir for urine.

PENIS

Male organ of urination and intercourse.

LIVER

An organ that filters the blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins.

SKIN

The organ that contains sweat glands that through the process of perspiration, produce and excrete sweat.

NOSE

Organ of smell; also filters the air we breathe.

MOUTH

Opening though which air, food and beverages enter the body; beginning of the alimentary canal.

PHARYNX

The throat

ESOPHAGUS

Connects the throat to the stomach

LARYNX

voice box

TRACHEA

windpipe

BRONCHI

The main passageway for air to travel from the trachea to the lungs.

LUNGS

Main organs of the respiratory system whose function is transporting oxygen into the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood.

ALIMENTARY CANAL

The pathway that food takes through the digestive system; also called digestive tract.

STOMACH

A pouch that serves as a reservoir for food that has been consumed.

SMALL INTESTINE

The organ in the digestive system where the greatest amount of digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body cells occurs.

LARGE INTESTINE

The digestive organ that dehydrates digestive residues (feces).

RECTUM

The last several inches of the large intestine.

ANUS

The lower opening of the alimentary canal.

BLOOD

A type of connective tissue fluid that transports many substances throughout the circulatory system.

PLASMA

The largest component of blood. Plasma transports nutrients throughout the body and helps remove waste from the body.

RED BLOOD CELLS

Blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Blood cells that circulate in the blood and help defend the body against infection for foreign invaders.

PLATELETS

Blood cell fragments whose function is to help the blood to clot.

HEART

The muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

ARTERIES

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

VEINS

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

CAPILLARIES

Vessels that serve as connections between the veins and arteries.

ATRIA

The two upper chambers of the heart.

VENTRICLES

The two lower chambers of the heart.

AORTA

The largest blood vessel in the body.

Cortical

the hard outer material of the bone that is dense and strong

[workbook] The system that gives the body shape and support is the

skeletal system

[workbook] the tissue that acts as a cushion between bones to prevent them from rubbing together is

Cartilage

[workbook] These muscle control involuntary movements such as breathing and digestion

Smooth

[workbook] Surgical procedure consists of removing an ear bone that has thickened and no longer transmits sound waves and replacing it with an artificial implant to improve hearing:

Stapedectomy

[workbook] This yellowish liquid makes up more than 55% of blood:

Plasma

[workbook] This organ filters the blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins

Liver

[workbook] This gland stimulates body growth:

Pituitary

[workbook] This plane passes through the body, organ or structure dividing into left and right halves

Sagittal

[workbook] This surgical procedure removes tissue or displaced bone from the wrist area to release pressure on the median nerve

Carpal tunnel repair

[workbook] The largest part of the human brain is the:

Cerebrum

[workbook] The throat is also called the

pharynx

[workbook] The end of a body part that is closet to the point of origin or the end of an instrument that is closest to the operator is the called

Proximal end

[workbook] This surgical procedure removes the gallbladder

Cholecystectomy

[workbook] The hip joint is an example of

Ball and socket joint

[workbook] This tissue covers the body’s external surface

epithelial tissue