Chapter 3 - Anatomy for sterile processing technicians

[workbook] The system that gives the body shape and support is the

skeletal system

[workbook] the tissue that acts as a cushion between bones to prevent them from rubbing together is

Cartilage

[workbook] These muscle control involuntary movements such as breathing and digestion

Smooth

[workbook] Surgical procedure consists of removing an ear bone that has thickened and no longer transmits sound waves and replacing it with an artificial implant to improve hearing:

Stapedectomy

[workbook] This yellowish liquid makes up more than 55% of blood:

Plasma

[workbook] This organ filters the blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins

Liver

[workbook] This gland stimulates body growth:

Pituitary

[workbook] This plane passes through the body, organ or structure dividing into left and right halves

Sagittal

[workbook] This surgical procedure removes tissue or displaced bone from the wrist area to release pressure on the median nerve

Carpal tunnel repair

[workbook] The largest part of the human brain is the:

Cerebrum

[workbook] The throat is also called the

pharynx

[workbook] The end of a body part that is closet to the point of origin or the end of an instrument that is closest to the operator is the called

Proximal end

[workbook] This surgical procedure removes the gallbladder

Cholecystectomy

[workbook] The hip joint is an example of

Ball and socket joint

[workbook] This tissue covers the body’s external surface

epithelial tissue

[workbook] This is referred to as the voice box

Larynx

[workbook] Which of the following is the brain center of a cell

Nucleus

[workbook] The end of a body part that is farthest away from the point of origin or the end of an instrument that is farthest away from the operator is called the:

Distal end

[workbook] The procedure to remove the stomach is

The gastrectomy

[workbook] A herniorrphaphy surgical procedure is a:

Repair of a muscle layer that is allowing all or part of an organ to project through an opening

Anatomy

The study of the structure and relationship between body parts.

Physiology

The study of the functions of body parts and the body as a whole

Cell

• the unit of life

• The smallest structural unit of living organisms capable of performing all basic functions of life

Cell membrane

The outer covering of a cell that regulates what enters and leaves it.

Cytoplasm

The clear, jelly-like substance of a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus.

Nucleus

The functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity

Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a specialized function

Organ

A part of the body containing two or more tissues that function together for a specific purpose.

Body system

A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific activity

Tendon

A cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.

Ligament

A band of connective tissue that connects a bone to another bone

Cartilage

A type of flexible connective tissue

Ossification

The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone

Joint

A place where two bones meet.

Fascia

Band or sheet of fibrous connective tissues.

Central nervous system (CNS)

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

All nerve tissue outside the cns

Brain

The main control unit of the CNS

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain. It controls mental activities and movement.

Cerebellum

The second largest part of the brain. It controls muscle coordination, body balance and posture.

Brain stem

Controls many automatic body functions such as heartbeat and breathing.

Peristalsis

The rippling motion of muscles in the digestive tract that mixes food with gastric juices to form a thin liquid.

Hormones

Chemical messengers that travel through the blood and act on target organs

Metabolism

The total chemical changes by which the nutritional and functional activities of an organisms are maintained

Insulin

A hormone that reduces the level of sugar in the blood

Glucagon

A hormone that can increase the blood sugar level

Sperm

Male sex cell

Ovum

Female sex cell (egg)

Chromosomes

Rod-shaped structures responsible for inherited characteristics passed on from parent to child

testes

Male reproductive gland that forms and secretes sperm and several fluid elements in semen.

Scrotum

Sac in which testes are suspended

Epididymis

A tube that carries sperm cells from the testes to the vas deferens

Vas Deferens

A duct that transfers sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

Seminal vesicle

A gland that produces semen

Semen

Mixture of sperm cells and secretions from several male reproductive glands

Ejaculatory duct

A duct formed by joining the seminal vesicle with the vas deferens, through which semen moves during ejeculation

Urethra

Tube that discharges urine

Prostate gland

Produces a fluid element in semen that stimulates the movement of sperm

Vagina

Muscular canal in a female that extends from an external opening to the neck of the uterus

Cervix

Lower end (neck) of the uterus

Uterus

female organ within which the fetus develops during pregnancy

Endometrium

Lining of the uterus

Fallopian tubes

Slender tubes that convey the ova (eggs) from the ovaries to the uterus

Fimbriae

Finger-like projections extending from the fallopian tubes that draw ova (eggs) into the uterus

Ovaries

Female productive organs

Kidneys

Organs that remove excess water and waste substances from the blood in a process that yields urine

ureters

tube-like structures extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder that move urine between these organs

urinary bladder

The reservoir for urine

Penis

Male organ of urination and intercourse

Liver

An organ that filters the blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins

Skin

This organ contains sweat glands that, through the process of perspiration, produce and excrete sweat.

Nose

Organ of smell; also filters the air we breathe.

Mouth

Opening through which air; food and beverages enter the body; beginning of the alimentary canal

Pharynx

Throat

Esophagus

Connects the throat to the stomach

Larynx

Voice box

Trachea

Windpipe

Bronchi

The main passageway for air to travel from the trachea to the lungs

Lungs

Main organs of the respiratory system whose function is transporting oxygen into the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood

Alimentary canal (digestive tract)

The pathway that food takes though the digestive system; also called the digestive tract

Stomach

A pouch that serves as a reservoir for food that has been consumed

Small intestine

The organ in the digestive system where the greatest amount of digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body cells occurs

Large intestine (colon)

The digestive organ that dehydrates digestive residue (feces)

Rectum

The last several inches of the large intestine

Anus

The lower opening of the alimentary canal

Blood

A type of connective tissue fluid that transports many substances throughout the circulatory system

Plasma

The largest component of the blood. Plasma transports nutrients throughout the body and helps remove waste from the body

Red blood cells

Blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body

White blood cells

Blood cells that circulate in the blood and help defend the body against infection or foreign invaders

Platelets

Blood cell fragments whose function is to help the blood to clot.

heart

The muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

Arteries

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Capillaries

Vessels that serve as connections between the veins and arteries

Atria

The two upper chambers of the heart

Ventricles

The two lower chambers of the heart

Aorta

The largest blood vessel in the body

Transverse plane

Passes through the body, dividing into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections

Coronal plane

Passes through the body, dividing into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections

Sagittal plane

Passes through the body, dividing into left and right halves