weimar and nazi germany

god please fucking help ME

9th Nov 1918 🚶‍♂️

Kaiser is forced to abdicate

10th Nov 1918 👋

**Ebert suspends the old Reichstag** and forms the Council of People’s Representatives

11th Nov 1918 🌹

**Armistice** signed = end of war

1919 Revolt 👈

Spartacist Revolt

1919 Spartacist Revolt 👈

* left-wing socialist party
* took over a government bureau
* Freikorp units sent to stop the revolt (**Fries > Sparta**)

Febuary 1919 🥇

**Ebert** becomes the first president of the **Weimar Republic**

28th June 1919 📜

Treaty of Versailles is signed

1919 Treaty of Versailles 📜

* German army limited → 100,000
* Navy limited → 6 battleships
* No air force
* **Guilt Clause** (Germany had to accept blame + pay Allies £66 000)

How did Germany feel about the 1919 TOV? 😡

felt they had been ‘**stabbed in the back**’ by politicians + forced to surrender (“We could’ve won the war!” No the fuck you could have not!)

1919 TOV Guilt Clause 😳

* made Germany accept blame for starting the war
* forced to pay Allies £66 000 in **Reparations** (greedy hoes)

August 1919 🧱

Weimar constitution is officially established → yippee **democracy**

1920 Revolt 👉

Kapp Putsch

1920 Kapp Putsch 👉

* **Freikorps** (right-wing group w/ 250 000 ex-soldiers)
* led by Wolfgang Kapp
* marched on Berlin = Weimar ministers fled (PUSSIES)
* fled Berlin when trade unions striked

Issue of 1923 💰

**Hyperinflation** (French)

1923 Reparations Issue 🥺

* £6.6 billion paid yearly → 1987
* Germany could only afford 1st payment
* Told France **couldn’t pay 2nd** in 1922

1923 Significance of the Ruhr 🛢️

one of Germany’s **key industrial areas** (mines, railways + factories)

1923 Ruhr Invasion 🛢️

Germany couldn’t pay 2nd reparation to France:

France invaded the **Ruhr →** imprisoned un-cooperators

= Germany told Ruhr residents to stop working (**passive resistance**)

= French killed 132 + expelled 150 000 from homes \~ 8 months

1923 Hyperinflation Reasons 💸

Germany’s government **printed a shit ton of money** (pay off French + keep the country running)

1923 Hyperinflation 💸

= **prices went up** + stuff lost its value

= Government **printed** more money quicker

= hyperinflation of prices

= **money became worthless**:

\
1914 → £1 = 20 marks

1921 → £1 = 256 marks

1923 → £1 = 1 million **marks**

1923 Hitler’s shitty attempt to overthrow the Weimar Government 🍺

Munich Putsch (November) 🍺

1923 Munich Putsch 🍺

Hitler’s shitty attempt to overthrow the Weimar Government:

8th → 600 SA + Hitler enter a beer hall in Munich where the Bavarian government was meeting 🍺

→ Hitler forced leaders to support him

→ General Ludendorff secretly let them go (“take that Hitler”)

\
9th → Hitler marched w/ 3000 supporters on Munich town centre

→ fought by police

→ Ludendorff, Rohm + Streicher arrested

\
11th → Hitler is arrested

Munich Putsch Days? 🍺

1923:

8th → overtake beer hall 🍺

9th → town centre march w/ 3000 supporters

11th → Hitler is arrested

1923 Reasons for recovery after hyperinflation

* Rentenmark
* Dawes Plan
* Young Plan

Stresemann

made **chancellor** in 1923, set up **Rentenmark** +Rentenbank, restored Germany’s international status after WW1

1923 Rentenmark 🏆

set up by **Stresemann**, tied to the price of **gold 🏆**

August 1924 → taken control of by Reichsbank

= renamed **Reichsmark**

= **hyperinflation ended** (no more useless money)

1924 Plan against Hyperinflation 🤝

Dawes Plan 🤝

1924 Dawes Plan 🤝

* reduced reparations to **£50 million a year temporarily** + French left Ruhr (easier to pay them off)
* **US banks gave loans of £25 billion** to Germany 🤝

1929 Plan against Hyperinflation (+5 years) 📉

Young Plan 📉

1929 Young Plan 📉

* **reduced reparation debt** (£6.6 billion → 2 billion) 📉
* gave 59 years to pay off reparations (until 1988)

1925 Agreement

Locarno Pact

1925 Locarno Pact 🚫⚔️

agreement between Germany, Britain, France, Italy + Belgium:

* secured borders of nations of Europe after WW1
* Allies + Germany agreed to **permanently demilitarize Rhineland** (bordered French) 🚫⚔️
* Germany agreed to a **border w/ France**

Locarno Pact New Border? 🚫⚔️

Germany + France

1926 Council 🌎

League of Nations 🌎

1925 Death (E)

**Ebert** dies :( → **Hindenburg** = new president

1926 League of Nations 🌎

Germany **joined** this council to **discuss world problems to avoid war** (founded at end of WW1) + **Stresemann** won a noble peace prize 🌎

1928 Agreement 2️⃣⚔️

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact 2️⃣⚔️

agreement between 62 countries to eliminate war as an “instrument of national policy”

→ **prevent a WW2**

1929 Money issue 📉

Wall Street Crash

1929 Wall Street Crash 📉

stock market crash; **communists** wanted to control businesses

= **more middle classes support Nazis**

1929 Death ❤️

**Stresemann** dies from a heart attack ❤️

1930 Rhineland 👋

French agreed to **leave** it 👋