Microbial Control EX #22A & Antibiotics - EX #22B

What does sterilization mean?

A treatment that removes all living cells from an object.

How does UV light affect the growth of cells?

They cause thymine dimers in DNA which leads to mutation and chromosome distortion.

What is pasteurisation?

Killing off some microbes just enough to reduce the number of spoilage microbes the goal is not to sterilize.

What is an antiseptic?

A liquid used on living surfaces to control the growth of microbes.

What is a disinfectant?

A liquid that is used on nonliving surfaces.

What is a surfactant?

A chemical method of control

Used to control microbes

soaps and detergents that disrupt the cell membrane and cause lysis

What is a halogen?

A chemical method of control

used to control microbes

powerful oxidizers that inactivate proteins

chlorine in water or bleach

Describe metal ions.

Chemicals used to control microbes that interact with proteins and activate them are used as both surfactant and disinfectant. A example is zinc oxide which is used for preventing diaper rash.

Describe alcohols.

A high concentration the them denatures proteins. Ethanol and Isopropanol

Describe phenols.

Disrupts the cell membrane and kills them. Lysol

What is an antimicrobial drug?

A chemical agent used to control microbes inside the body.

What is an antibiotic?

A agent with biological origin, AKA to control bacterial only

What is a narrow spectrum antibiotic?

An antibiotic that control one or a few types of bacteria

What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

An antibiotic that controls lots of species of bacteria.

What are the 5 ways that antimicrobial chemotherapy works?

1. inhibition of enzymatic pathways

2. inhibition of cell wall synthesis

3. inhibition of protein synthesis

4. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

5. inhibition of membrane function

How does ionizing radiation work?

great for material/objects sensitive to heat

penetrates as well

x rays and gamma rays

How does an autoclave work?

moist (heat) steam under pressure that sterilizes material like endospores

What is the control for an autoclave?

Bacillus stearothermophilus