Psychology Test 3

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Elisabeth Kubler Ross

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Psychology

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1

Elisabeth Kubler Ross

was famous for studying death and dying.

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2

Denial and Isolation (5 stages of death)

characterized by shock, numbness, and refusal to accept the news

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3

Anger Stage

feelings of injustice and "why me?"

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4

Bargaining Phase

try to find a way around it, or making promises to avoid death

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5

Depression (5 Stages of Death)

feelings of grief, depression, and lonliness

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6

Acceptance (5 Stages of Death)

a quiet expectation

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7

Cognitive Scripts

psychologist term for our usual way of organizing concepts,"throw a shoe.

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8

Grammar and Syntax

rules that govern how words form phrases and sentences.

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9

Cognition

the mental processes of thinking, feeling, perceiving, problem- solving, and remembering.

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10

Ambiguity

words or phrases that can have more than one meaning or be understood more than one way.

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11

Howard Gardner

proposed that instead of just one single intelligence, there are actually eight areas of intelligence.

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12

8 Distinct Intelligences

  1. Logical 2. Visual 3. Verbal 4. Musical 5. Bodily 6. Interpersonal 7. Intrapersonal 8. Naturalistic (9? Existential Intelligence)

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13

Addiction/Dependence

experiences unpleasant symptoms when not using the drug.

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14

Tolerance

need to increase the quantity of the substance to get the same effect.

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15

Heuristics

simple "rules of thumb "as a mental shortcut.

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16

Morphemes

smallest meaningful units of language.

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17

Phonemes

smallest distinguishable sounds.

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18

Semantics

study of the meaning of language.

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19

Meditation

is associated with long- term health benefits and stress reduction.

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20

John Locke

children are born a blank slate "tabula rasa, " lead to behaviorism ideas (what is reinforced)

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21

Withdrawal Symptoms

felt when the drug is no longer in the system.

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22

Schemas

the way we organize concepts, also called our worldview.

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23

Concepts

categories by which we describe the physical world (birds, fishing, death, love)

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24

Christian meditation

is focusing attention on the Word of God.

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25

Recapitulation Theory

embryo development follows the path of evolutionary development of species (rejected theory)

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26

Sensory Motor Stage of Piaget's Theory

birth to 18 months, discover causality and object permanence

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27

Pre-Operations Stage of Piaget's Theory

18 months to 6 years, use symbols and language skills

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Concrete Operational Stage of Piaget's Theory

6 to 12 years, develop conversation, matter doesn't change because of form

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Formal Operational Stage of Piaget's Theory

12 to 18 years, abstract thinking, use logic, hypothetical situations, and conclusions

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30

Oral Stage (psycho-sexual)

birth to 1 year old, gratification is mouth oriented

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31

Anal Stage (psycho-sexual)

1 to 2 years, gratification is centered on feces and parental expectations

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32

Phallic Stage (psycho-sexual)

2 to 6 years, gratification centers on sexuality and genitals

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latency stage (psycho-sexual)

6 to 12 years, sexual urges are dormant

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34

Genital Stage (psycho-sexual)

12 years to death, spend the rest of our lives repressing or redirecting sexual energy

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35

Erik Erikson

developed the theory of psycho-social development

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36

Trust vs. Mistrust (psycho-social)

birth to 18 months, do we form trusting relationships or not

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37

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (psycho social)

18 months to 3 years, do we develop a sense of positive independence or shame and self-doubt

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38

Initiative vs. Guilt (psycho social)

3 to 6 years, do we have a sense of confidence/control or guilt/timidity

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Industry vs. Inferiority (psycho social)

6 to 12 years, do we develop a sense of industry, competence, and mastery, or inadequacy and inferiority

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40

Identity vs. Role Confusion (psycho social)

12 to 18 years, in the midst of rapid change, do we develop unique aspirations and beliefs or self-doubt/confusion/rebellion

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41

Intimacy vs. Isolation (psycho social)

18 to 40 years, will we form lasting intimate relationships or turn to loneliness

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42

Generativity vs. Stagnation

40 to 65 years, will we continue to contribute and have purpose of being or be self-centered and stagnate

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43

Ego-Integrity vs. Despair (psycho social)

65 years to death, will we look back on life with a sense of completeness or with bitterness and defeat

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44

Consciousness

the awareness one has of oneself and the environment, the subjective experiencing of a stimulus or mental state, many different states with their own distinctive brainwave patterns

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45

Evolutional Theory on Dreams

to rehearse survival strategies

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46

Psycho-Analytic Theory on Dreams

way to express our latent sexual desires

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47

Depressants

sedatives or tranquilizers, slow or depress neural activity, alcohol and pain killers

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48

Stimulants

mimic adrenaline and increase neural activity, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine

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49

Opiates

mimic endorphins and act like pain killers and stress reducers, heroine, opium

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50

Hallucinogens

produce hallucinations and mood changes, LSD, ecstasy, marijuana

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51

sleep deprivation

chronic and severe lack of sleep, impaired thinking, lose motor coordination, hallucinations

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52

REM Behavior Disorder

acting out violent/intense dreams

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53

Somnambulism and somniloquoy

sleep walking and sleep talking

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54

Alfred Binet

developed the first IQ (Intelligence Quotient) as a way to measure intelligence, ratio of mental age to chronological age times 100

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55

Nativist Theory

Noam Chomsky, children are born with a "universal grammar" of pre-programmed set of rules of language

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56

Attachment Theory

the lasting psychological connection between two people, secure attachment, ambivalent attachment, avoidant attachment

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57

Conjunctive Concepts

2 or more features in common (clouds and cotton balls are both white and fluffy)

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58

Disjunctive Concepts

possession of any one set of attributes

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59

Field Independent Thinkers

analytic and break things into smaller parts

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60

Field Dependent Thinkers

big picture, meaning and purpose

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61

Deductive Reasoning

use of logic and algorithms to solve problems

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62

Egocentric

thinking only of oneself, without regard for the feelings or desires of others; self-centered

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