3.3 properties of liquids

liquids

are a form of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape

liquids

can flow and assume the shape of their container

liquid

almost incompressible because the molecules does not have lot of space between them

above room temperature

boiling point of liquids

evaporation/condensation
vapour pressure
boiling points
viscosity
capillary action
surface tension

properties of liquids

surface tension

is the property of a liquid to resist an external force and this a lesser surface area

surface tension

is attributed to the strong attractive and cohesive forces between and among the molecules, particularly at the surface of the liquid

surface tension

is a measure of the surface of a liquid

molecules

molecules inside the liquid interact with — all around them

molecules inside the liquid

are attracted equally in all directions

molecules at the surface of the liquid

will bond more strongly to molecules directly next too and below them, but not above

water

has the greatest surface tension of any liquid other than mercury

inter molecular force

surface tension increases as — increases

decreases

capillary action

a liquid in a small tube moves upward, against gravity

capillary action

involves adhesive and cohesive forces interacting between the liquid and the surface

cohesion

convex

adhesion

concave

capillary action

if adhesive forces are stronger than cohesive forces, — will take place

cohesive forces

attractive forces between molecules of the same type

adhesive forces

attractive forces between molecules of different types

surface tension

is due to an imbalance of IMF at liquid surface

capillary action

is the ability of a liquid to rise upwards against the force gravity

viscosity

resistance of a liquid to flow

viscosity

loosely referred to as the thickness or thinness of a liquid

viscous

greater intermolecular interaction constitutes to a more — liquid

intermolecular forces
molar mass
temperature

factors affecting viscosity

viscosity

related to the ease at which molecules can move past each other

more

IMF in syrups are (less/more) than IMF in water

increases

viscosity decreases as T — ?

increases

viscosity increases as the IMF —

vapor pressure

is the pressure exerted by its vapor, when equilibrium with its liquid or solid.

vapor pressure

this means that when a liquid or solid substance is made to evaporate in a closed container, the gas exerts a pressure above the liquid

vaporization

is a broader term that includes evaporation and boiling

volatile

substances that evaporate readily

volatile liquids

liquids that have weak intermolecular forces of attraction

alcohol
gasoline
paint thinner
dry-cleaning solvents

examples of volatile liquids

boiling point

— of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the external atmospheric pressure

intermolecular forces

the boiling point of a liquid is influenced by the strength of its —

boiling point

temperature at which the liquid changes into gas

100 degrees celsius

normal boiling point of water