immuno serology test 1

The concentration of bleach should be used as a disinfectant

10%

In case of eye exposure, use the eyewash for this long

15 minutes

Charge on the particles that will be aggregate

Zeta Potential

T cells mature in the and Produce from baby until puberty here too

Thymus

The reciprocal of the last positive dilution

Titer

Occurs when cells that recognize self antigens undergo apoptosis

Negative selection

A T or B lymphocyte is a

Antigen specific cell

Change in Titer overtime with A four fold increase from active to convalescent Titer

Active infection

The ability of a host to react with a particular antigen only when components of that antigen after processing are presented to T cells and combination with individuals MHC

MHC restrictions

Natural or innate immunity is

Nonspecific immunity

Test when a lack of agglutination is a positive result

Agglutination inhibition

Optimal ratio, when most antibody is precipitated by least amount of antigen

Zone of equivalence

More than one cytokinin can have the same function

Redundancy of cytokines

Helper T cells interact with

Class two molecules

Compound that is capable of elicit an immune response in a host

Immunogen

Has IGM and IGD on the cell surface

Mature b cell

An antigen from a different species

Hetero antigen

Part of the external defense system

Skin

A famous produces most of its tea cells when the person is

A baby until puberty

Which is a helper cell

CD4+ T cell

A direct antiglobulin test DAT is

Determines whether anti-RH is already present on the newborn’s red blood cells

A direct agglutination reaction involves an

Antigen that is already part of the particle

An adjuvant Allow slow release of the antigen to increase

immunogenicity

CD4 on T cells binds to MHC

Class 2 molecules

Opsonization

is enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of foreign particles with serum proteins

Acute phase plasma proteins are part of the

internal defense system

The thymus organ is needed for maturation of

T lymphocytes

Agglutination is better with IgM at lower temperatures

4-27

The gel in an ouchterlony contains

agarose only

the gel in a radial immunodiffusion

contains antibody in the agarose

nephelometry meaures light scattered at

nephelometry meaures light scattered at 10-90 degrees

turbidometry measures light that

goes directly through the solution

If a patient severely ill with arthritis comes up neg on a latex test kit at low titer

dilute the sample and run again before reporting out

How do some bacteria protect themselves from an invader?

By attacking non-methylated DNA

Class 1. Molecules

found on nucleated cells, present antigen on cytotoxic T cell to kill infected cell, endogenous from inside the infected cell

Class 2 molecules

found on antigen presenting cells, present antigen to helper T cells, exogenous picked up from the environment

Traits of an immunogen

macromolecular size, chemical composition, molecular complexity, foreignness, ability to be processed and present with MHC molecules

Haptens-

combine with a carrier can create new antigenic site, example heparin used for anticoagulant therapy

Autoantigen,

antigens that belong to the host

Alloantigens,

from other members of the host species

Heteroantigens,

from other species such as animals plants etc

Adjuvant,

substance administered with immunogen to increase immune response, ex aluminum salts

MHC, important role in humoral and cellular immunity, main function

is to bring antigen to cell surface for recognition by t cells

Cytokines,

involved innate immune response

The first tube of a 3 fold serial dilution is 1:3 what is in the 4th tube

1/3,1/9,1/27,1/81 (1/81 in 4th tube)