Proteins and Amino Acids

These flashcards cover essential concepts about proteins, amino acids, their structures, functions, and relevant biochemical assays.

Proteins are formed by different arrangements of __.

Amino acids.

A short chain of amino acids is called a __.

Peptide.

The linear structure of amino acids together is called the __ structure.

Primary.

As protein structures build upon each other, they become secondary, tertiary, or __.

Quaternary.

A protein + carbohydrate forms a __.

Glycoprotein.

A protein + lipid forms a __.

Lipoprotein.

Globular proteins function as __.

Hormones, enzymes, receptors, and antibodies.

Fibrous proteins bind together cells and __.

Tissues.

Non-essential amino acids are produced by the __.

Mammalian body.

Essential amino acids must be obtained through the __.

Diet.

The two main types of proteins analyzed in pets are __ and globulins.

Albumin.

Albumin is produced in the __.

Liver.

An increase in albumin in the blood is referred to as __.

Hyperalbuminemia.

Common causes of __ include hemodilution, decreased production, and increased loss.

Hypoalbuminemia.

Gamma globulins are also known as __.

Immunoglobulins.

Increased production of antibodies in response to a condition is referred to as __.

Hyperglobulinemia.

The enzyme amylase is produced by the __ and is not specific for any one disease.

Pancreas.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is most specific for __ disease.

Liver.

Some enzymes leak from cells when damage occurs, indicating __ has happened.

Cell damage.

Most commonly measured enzymes in biochemistry include ALT, AST, and __.

GGT.