4.1 vocab

midnight appointments

the night before leaving office in early 1801, federalist Adams appointed various feds to fill positions in the supreme court and lower district courts that were created by the judiciary act. This is the backstory for Marbury vs Madison.

Marbury vs Madison

after Jefferson was appointed president, James Madison was like hell no and decided to not deliver the appointments made by Adams. One of the appointees, William Marbury, decided that it was within his rights to serve out his term and sued for his commission. The case went to the supreme court in 1803. Marshall ruled that it was within Marburys rights to serve the term, but he also declared that the last place to declare laws unconstitutional was the supreme court, where he then ruled the judiciary act as being unconstitutional. This power became known as judicial review.

Impressment

under Jeffersons presidency, England, France, and Spain refused to respect American ships’ neutrality, and the British resumed this behavior, in which thousands of American sailors were seized and forced to fight for the British navy.

Embargo Act of 1807

Jeffersons foreign policy that closed American ports to foreign trade to avoid war, and an embargo that attempted to force European nations to maintain neutrality. This hurt the economy, and led to an increase in smuggling. Ultimately, Jefferson was named a tyrant. 

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (Prophet)

these two Shawnee brothers created a North American indigenous alliance to halt American encroachments. Tecumseh traveled to many diverse Native nationspreaching unification, resistance, and the restoration of sacred power.

Battle of Tippecanoe

the American response to Tecumseh and Tenskwatawas unification attempts of the indigenous people. The governor of Indiana took aggressive action by destroying Shawnee headquarters and ending Tecumseh’s efforts to form an Indian confederacy. Americans blamed the British for instigating the rebellion.