Ch. 2.2 - Visual Summaries of Quantitative Data

Small Discrete Data

Data that consists of distinct values, often limited to a small range (e.g., hours worked per day).

Histogram

A graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data using bars to visualize frequency.

Relative Frequency

The ratio of the frequency of a particular class to the total number of observations.

Frequency Histogram

A histogram that displays the frequency of data values with bars touching each other.

Frequency Table

A summary of data showing the frequency of each value or range of values.

Classes (or Bins)

Categories used to group observations in frequency distribution; defined by a range of values.

Class Midpoint (CM)

The average of the lower-limit and upper-limit of a class.

Class Width (CW)

The difference between the lower limit and upper limit of a class.

Large Discrete Data

Data that consists of a larger set of distinct values, often requiring grouping for analysis.

Binning

The process of grouping observations into classes for frequency distribution.

Tally Chart

A method of keeping track of the frequency of values using marks to indicate counts.

Continuous Data

Data that can take any value within a given range, requiring interval grouping for summarization.