ACTUAL MIDTERM REVIEW LMAO

What are the limitations of light microscopes? Limitations of electron microscopes?

Light - resolution (can see detail to a certain magnification but then resolution gets lost)

Electron - dead specimen because specimen must be imaged in a vacuum.

What are the most common elements in living things

CHNOPS

can see surface features of specimens in 3D using beam of electrons

SEM

peptide bond is

 type of covalent bond between amino acids

can see detailed internal structure of specimens in 2D at great magnifications using beam of electrons

TEM

enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

catalase

microscope using objective lens in combination with ocular lens (eyepiece); view objects in 2D and color

Compound light microscope

see things in 3D, only magnifies 10X , 30X, at most 60X

stereoscope

The cell membrane is made up of 2 main component

phospholipids and proteins

Explain Priestley experiment 

used a bell jar, a candle and a mint plant.  He found that the plant released a substance that kept a candle burning – we know now that it was oxygen.   

solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell.

 What will happen to the cell

The cell will swell and an animal cell may rupture or lyse.

HYPO - cell swells like an O

helps make, modify, package and secrete materials to be transported out of the cell.

Golgi apparatus

solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell;

what will happen to the cell in this solution

hypertonic; shrink or shrivel

a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

lysosomes

a system of membranes that is found in a cell’s cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

Endoplasmic reticulum

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

reactants: O2 and glucose

products: carbon dioxide and water+ ATP

Spermatogenesis results in

Oogenesis results in

4 sperm geneticallly different sperm cells

an egg cell that is larger than the 3 polar bodies

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2+6H20+solar energy ------> C6H12+6O2

Name the monomers of carbs, lipids, protein and nucleic acids

monosaccharides, glycerol and fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides

What 3 parts make of a nucleotide?

5 C sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base