ethics exam

utilitarianism - JOHN STUART MILL, JEREMY BENTHAM, PETER SINGER

greatest good for greatest number of people, seeks good outcomes, ends justify the means. ENDS BASED

values

principle or quality in a person, society says naturally good

consequentialism

theories focused on choices consequences,

deontology - EMMANUEL KANT, JOHN RALWS

right procedure, not good outcome, ends do NOT justify means. intention to do ones highest duty. RULE BASED

virtue ethics - ARISTOTLE

focused on a persons character, more trust in a person if they have good character, ends do NOT justify means, you are what you do, we develop these- inspiration. VIRTUE BASED

Haidt moral psychology

intuitive primacy - morals from quick intuitive emotional responses (cause), reasoning follows (consequence)

Haidt mft

care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, purity/sanctity, liberty/oppression

cognitive dissonance

contradicting values or beliefs

cons to utilitarianism

shallow view of human life,

cons of deontology

doesn’t moral law exist for the sake of human well being

cons of virtue ethics

is it really specific character traits that make us and our actions good

veil of ignorance

john rawl - requiring individuals to imagine designing a just society from behind a "veil" where they are ignorant of their own social status, personal characteristics, and conception of the good life