Kin 146 Midterm 1

Kinesiology 146 Midterm Information

Physical Activity (Orthodox)

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure.

Physical Activity (Holistic)

Movement influenced by cultural contexts, interests, emotions, ideas, and relationships.

Physical Education

A school subject focused on skills, knowledge, and attitudes for active, healthy living.

Active Living

Participation in movement activities at healthy levels throughout life.

Skillful Movement

The understanding and transfer of movement skills to various activities.

Relationships (Physical Education Goal)

Balancing personal, social, and environmental interactions through movement.

Physical Fitness

The ability to perform daily tasks with vigor and sufficient energy for leisure and emergencies.

Physical Literacy

The motivation, confidence, and competence to engage in physical activities for life.

Wellness

A proactive approach to optimizing health and functioning.

Well-being

The result of achieving health and happiness.

24-Hour Movement Guidelines

Recommendations for adults on activity levels, muscle strengthening, sedentary time, and sleep.

Barriers to Physical Activity

Factors that hinder engagement in physical activity, such as motivation and time.

Facilitators of Physical Activity

Factors that promote physical activity, including access to facilities and social support.

Seven Dimensions of Wellness

Aspects of well-being including physical, emotional, financial, environmental, spiritual, career/academic, and social/cultural.

Chronic Illnesses

Long-term health conditions like cancer and diabetes.

Health (WHO Definition)

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, beyond just the absence of disease.

Social Determinants of Health

Factors like income and education that influence health outcomes.

Sedentary Behavior

Activities with little physical movement leading to low energy expenditure.

Lifestyle

The way individuals or groups live, impacting health and wellness.

Sport

Competitive activities with winners and losers. ex/ Athletes in competitive _____

Exercise

Planned and structured movement aimed at improving physical fitness.

Physical Activity's Role in Health & Wellness

Provides significant health benefits, especially for previously sedentary individuals.

Physical Fitness Components

Elements including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility.

Health (Contemporary View)

A dynamic process of achieving potential across various dimensions of well-being.

What are the four components of Physical Literacy?

Motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge/understanding.

What are the three main goals of Physical Education?

• Active Living - Engage in healthy participation in movement activities for lifelong active living in the context of self, family, and community.

• Skillful Movement - Enhance movement quality by understanding, developing, and transferring movement concepts, skills, tactics, and strategies to various activities.

• Relationships - Balance self through safe and respectful personal, social, cultural, and environmental interactions in diverse movement activities.

What is the link between physical activity and physical education?

Physical activity is the vehicle through which the goals of physical education are achieved.

What are examples of barriers to physical activity?

• Intrapersonal: Motivation, time, fear of injury

• Interpersonal: Low peer support, harassment

• Policy: Work, school start times

• Community: Distance, infrastructure

• Accessibility: Cost, transport

• Operational: Lack of facilities, equipment

• Environmental: Weather

How do parents influence a child's physical activity, and what role do gender differences and stereotypes play? (Chapelski)

• Parental Role: Modeling, encouragement, and participation significantly impact a child's physical activity.

• Gender Differences: Mothers have a greater influence on daughters' motor skills, while fathers more on sons.

• Barriers: Parents' gender-stereotyped attitudes can limit daughters' opportunities for physical activity.

How many minutes per week of aerobic activity is recommended for adults?

150 minutes/week

How often should adults engage in muscle-strengthening activities?

At least twice a week.

What is recommended for light physical activity?

Several hours, including standing.

What is the recommended daily limit for sedentary time?

8 hours or less per day.

How much recreational screen time is advised for adults?

No more than 3 hours per day.

How many hours of good-quality sleep should you aim for, and what is important about your sleep routine?

7 to 9 hours

What is the relationship between wellness and well-being?

Wellness is the active pursuit of health, while well-being is the outcome of wellness practices.

What are benefits of physical activity? (5)

• Increased endurance, strength, and flexibility

• Healthier muscles, bones, and joints

• Increased energy expenditure

• Improved body composition

• More overall energy

• Better stress management

• Improved mood, self-esteem, and well-being

• Better sleep quality

• Reduced risk of premature death

• Lower risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and colon cancer

• Lower risk of obesity

• Reduced anxiety, tension, and depression

• Lower risk of falls and fractures

• Reduced healthcare costs

What are the short-term effects of exercise on the body?

• Lowers blood pressure

• Improves sleep

• Reduces anxiety

• Enhances insulin sensitivity

• Improves concentration, memory, and decision-making

• Boosts mood

What are the long-term effects of exercise on the body?

• Helps maintain a healthy weight

• Lowers the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment

• Reduces the risk of certain cancers (breast, prostate, colon)

• Lowers the risk of diabetes and high blood pressure

• Can treat and reverse some chronic diseases (high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol)

• Reduces the risk of depression and anxiety

What are some examples of Social Determinants of Health? (Know at least 3)

• How we structure our cities (e.g., roads and safety)

• Socioeconomic status (e.g., access to healthy food)

• Environmental factors (e.g., air quality)

• Income and social protection

• Education level

• Unemployment and job insecurity

• Working conditions

• Food insecurity

• Housing and basic amenities

• Early childhood development

• Social inclusion and non-discrimination

• Structural conflict

• Access to affordable, quality health services

What are common chronic conditions in Canada, and their major contributors?

• Chronic Conditions: Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Diabetes

• Major Contributors: Unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, harmful alcohol/tobacco use

State and explain two components of wellness and provide two examples
of lifestyle choices for each component.

1. Physical Wellness

• Explanation: Physical wellness focuses on the health and functional ability of the body. It includes practices that improve physical fitness, prevent illness, and maintain the body's optimal state for daily activities.

• Examples of Lifestyle Choices:

  • Regular Exercise: Engaging in activities like walking, swimming, or strength training to enhance muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular health.

  • Healthy Eating: Choosing balanced, nutrient-dense foods that support energy levels, immune function, and overall physical health.

2. Emotional Wellness

• Explanation: Emotional wellness is the ability to understand, manage, and express emotions effectively. It involves resilience, self-acceptance, and the capacity to handle life’s challenges in a healthy way.

• Examples of Lifestyle Choices:

  • Mindfulness and Meditation: Practicing mindfulness exercises or meditation to reduce stress, improve focus, and foster a calm mental state.

  • Seeking Social Support: Building a support network of friends, family, or a therapist to discuss emotions, share experiences, and enhance emotional resilience.

True or False - Everyone can make healthy lifestyle choices.

True

True or False - Physical Education is required in Saskatchewan from grades K – 8.

True

True or False - Once you set your mind to it and establish goals, changing your behaviour is easy.

False

The 24 hour movement guidelines for adults were developed because:

People needed to be encouraged to move during the entire day not just for one period of time during the day.

You are teaching elementary school and trying to ensure that your students have a physical education class every day. The principal stops you one day and wonders if your students are spending too much time in physical education as the reading scores for many students in your class are below grade level. Explain 3 things you would say to your principal.

• Physical Education Enhances Academic Performance: Studies show that regular physical activity improves cognitive functions like memory, focus, and information processing, all of which are essential for reading comprehension and academic success. A moderate amount of exercise can help students perform better across subjects, including reading.

• Improves Physical and Mental Health: Daily physical activity helps students maintain physical health and mental well-being, reducing stress and anxiety that can interfere with learning. When students feel physically and mentally well, they’re more prepared to engage with academic content, including reading.

• Develops Key Skills like Perseverance and Resilience: Physical education teaches important skills such as perseverance and resilience, which are valuable in all areas of learning. These traits help students approach challenging tasks like reading with a positive mindset and the confidence to persist, ultimately improving their reading skills over time.

What is the KEY takeaway from the “Decline in Children’s Play” YouTube Video?

that the decline in children’s opportunities for free play over the past decades has contributed to a rise in mental health issues. Play is crucial for the physical, social, and emotional development of children, as it fosters essential survival skills and resilience. By reducing pressures from school, addressing societal fears around safety, and building community spaces, we can support children’s well-being and restore the essential role of play in their lives.

what is the KEY takeaway from the Podcast?

that risky outdoor play is essential for children’s physical, cognitive, and emotional development. While parents may feel apprehensive about safety, fostering independence through risky play helps build resilience, self-confidence, and a healthy perception of the world. By providing time, space, and freedom, parents can support their children’s growth, allowing them to learn from challenges and explore safely. Dr. Brusoni emphasizes the importance of balanced supervision, trusting children’s abilities, and recognizing that minor risks in play ultimately contribute to their well-being and competence.

what is the KEY takeaway from the Learn to Shine Bright YouTube video?

the importance of self-care and maintaining personal well-being as a teacher. Teaching can be a stressful profession, with many leaving within the first five years, making it vital to preserve one's energy and happiness to support both personal resilience and students’ experiences. Teachers are encouraged to nurture their well-being through self-reflection, healthy habits, meaningful connections, and setting boundaries, especially around technology. By "protecting their light," teachers can continue to be a source of positivity and support for others.

what is the KEY takeaway from why is Phys. Ed important YouTube video?

that physical education is essential for students’ physical, mental, and emotional health and should be valued on par with academic subjects. Regular exercise not only enhances learning and social skills but also combats the growing obesity epidemic and related health risks, which can lead to shorter lifespans and diseases previously seen mainly in adults. Physical education builds resilience and perseverance, highlighting that just as education is a fundamental right, so too should be the opportunity for all students to engage in physical activity.

What is your position on Risky Play?

What do you think of the term “Play”…?

Active Kids Are ___________

Better

What is "self-directed" play?

Play initiated and regulated by children themselves.

What is the primary purpose of play?

To develop social skills, physical abilities, and emotional resilience.

Define "risky play."

Play that involves challenges within safe boundaries, helping children assess risks and build confidence.

What are Canada's 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for children and youth?

A balance of physical activity, limited sedentary behavior, and adequate sleep for optimal health.

How many minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity should children engage in daily?

60 minutes.

How often should muscle and bone-strengthening activities be included in children's routines?

Three times weekly.

What does the "STEP" guideline recommend for children's daily movement?

Engage in several hours of light physical activity, both structured and unstructured.

What are the sleep recommendations for ages 5-13?

9-11 hours

What are the sleep recommendations for ages 14-17?

8-10 hours

What is the recommended limit on recreational screen time for children?

No more than two hours per day.

What is the purpose of the ParticipACTION Report Card?

To evaluate children’s movement behaviors and adherence to health guidelines in Canada.

How are grades in the ParticipACTION Report Card determined?

Based on recent data, research, and adherence to recommended movement and health benchmarks.

What is the grade and percent of children and youth meeting the recommendation for Physical Activity?

D+ , 39%

What is the grade and percent of children and youth meeting the recommendation for Active Play?

D- , 22%

What is the grade and percent of children and youth who use Active Transportation?

C- , 43%

What is the grade and percent of children and youth who are engaged Organized Sport?

B , 68%

What is the grade and percent of children and youth who meet Physical Education standards?

C , 53%

What is the grade and percent of children and youth who meet the recommended Sedentary Behaviours (Screen time)?

D , 27%

What is the grade and percent of children and youth who meet the recommended Sleep Duration?

B- , 65%

What is the grade and percent of children and youth who meet the 24-hour Movement Behaviours?

F , 4%

How did parental self-reported excessive device use change from 2016 to 2019?

It rose from 29% in 2016 to 52% in 2019.

How did children's perception of parental device use change from 2016 to 2019?

The percentage of children wanting their parents to spend less time on devices increased from 28% in 2016 to 39% in 2019.

State three management and/or teaching strategies used in the gym sessions that the professor has done.

• Standing on the opposite side of distractions

• Different intensity level options for the group

• Maintaining control (stop/start, equipment management, etc.)

7 examples of social determinants

1) income and social protection
2) education
3) food security
4) housing/environment
5) discrimination
6) structural conflict
7) access to affordable health services of decent quality