IZA Test 1

Animal Welfare, Ethics, Zoo History, So you want to be a zookeeper

AZA

-Association of Zoos and Aquariums
-Network to connect zoo professionals

What are today's zoos based on? (5)

-Conservation
-Animal welfare
-Responsible breeding programs
-Education
-Research

Animal Welfare

-Measuring an animal's collective physical, mental, and emotional states over a period of time.
-Measured from good to poor.

Responsibilities of AZA-accredited facilities? (2)

-Ensure well-being of animals.
-Gain a greater understanding of the well-being of animals and advance animal welfare science

Physical Welfare Indicators (3)

-Body condition
-Disease/injury
-Mobility

Mental Welfare Indicators (3)

-Cognitive abilities
-Stereotypic behaviors
-Healthy relationships with conspecifics

Emotional Welfare Indicators (3)

-Fear
-Aggression
-Distress

Indicators of Good Welfare (6)

-Healthy
-Comfortable
-Well-nourished
-Safe
-Species-typical behaviors
-Cognitive abilities

Animal Behavior Studies

-Scientific study of how animals interact with each other and their environment (Mixed-species enclosures, impact of public viewing, enrichment, and Training).

Ethograms

-Observations of animal behaviors over a certain period of time.

What do ethograms help to do? (2)

-Identify possible issues
-Evaluate the success of solutions

Hormone Analysis (2)

-Measures stress hormones
-Used in conjunction with animal behavior studies, ---Baseline before conclusions can be drawn

Samples for Hormone Analysis? (6)

Collected from:
-Feces
-Blood
-Semen
-Urine
-Saliva
-Feathers

What is a zoo?

An establishment that maintains a collection of wild animals for study, research, conservation, and displays to the public.

Examples of animals being kept throughout history. (6)

-Domestication
-Religious purposes
-Currency or gifts
-Entertainment
-Research
-Conservation purposes

Mans relationship with animals (5)

-Food Source
-Protection
-Labor
-Religion
-Displays

Domestication

-Changing (genetically) a population to make it more suitable for human use over time.
-Uses Artificial Selection

Artificial Selection

-Specific traits are selected and animals exhibiting those traits are bred.
-Ex. Larger size, longer horns, calm behavior

Taming

Making an individual calmer, the first step to domestication

What to consider in domestication? (5)

-Diet (flexible)
-Growth rate (fast)
-Breeding (easy to breed in captivity)
-Disposition
-Social hierarchy

How is domestication achieved? (2)

-Raising young animals.
-Self Domestication.

Self Domestication

the process of adaptation of wild animals to humans, without direct human selective breeding of the animals.

Menageries

an exhibition of live wild animals that has no detectable scientific purpose

Tower of London (3)

-Used as a prison and for entertainment by King Henry III.
-Guests brought animals as gifts.
-Animals were later transferred to the London Zoo

Carl Linneaus (3)

-Publication of Systema Naturae
-Created the system for naming ranking and classifying organisms
-Genus species

Carl Hagenback

-Panoramas
-Several enclosures separated by hidden moats, so they look like one large enclosure

Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG)

Manages Conservation breeding of individual taxa

Species Survival Plans (SSP) (3)

-Population management
-Supervising committee that coordinates breeding
-Maintain sustainable populations of a species

Studbooks

detailed breeding records

Ethics

The disciplines dealing with what is good and bad with moral duty and obligation, a set of moral principles used to make decisions

Morals

personal views on what is right or wrong

What do ethics refer to?

the broad moral principles and application of morals to practical decisions

Examples of ethical issues in zoos (7)

-Captivity
-Breeding/Surplus animals
-Sources of diets
-Behavior
-Social structure
-Animal shows
-Euthanasia

Animal rights want to provide animals with what?

the same rights as humans

Animal rights viewpoint

it is ethically and morally wrong to use animals for any human purpose. (ex. food, clothing, research, entertainment, pets)

What are the five freedoms?

Freedom from:
1. Hunger and thirst
2. Discomfort
3. Pain, injury, or disease
4. To express normal behavior
5. Fear and distress

Freedom from hunger and thirst

access to fresh water and a healthy diet

Freedom from discomfort

Shelter and comfortable quarters

Freedom from pain injury or disease

Prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment

Freedom to express normal behavior

Providing sufficient space, facilities, and companions when necessary

Freedom from fear and distress

provided by ensuring conditions and treatment that avoid mental suffering

What are the five opportunities to thrive?

1. Nutritionally complete diets (bring out natural feeding responses and behavior).
2. Comfortable living experiences with choices and control (promotes mentally and physically healthy behaviors)
3. Good physical health.
4. Provided quality spaces to live and appropriate social groupings.
5. Develop natural coping skills and avoid chronic stress

Captivity

-Condition of being imprisoned or confined
-Now known as Under Human Care

Sterotypic Behavior

Abnormal and or repetitive behavior, is not observed in wild animals.

Examples of Steryotipic Behavior (4)

-Pacing
-Feather Plucking
-Regurgitatiton/re-ingestion
-Blowing raspberries

Ways to stop Stereotypic Behaviors (4)

-Training
-Enrichment
-Proper social groups
-Ample space

William Hornaday

Conservationist, believed that gorillas could never thrive in a zoo.

William Conway

-How to exhibit a bullfrog.
-1968
-Bronx Zoo Curator

David Hancocks

-Development of landscape immersion exhibit techniques.

Tiergarten Schoenbrunn

World's oldest contintinuously existing zoo. (1750)

Jardin du Roi

Royal Botanical Gardens, Director was Buffon

Jardin des Plantes

-National Museum of Natural History
-First public zoo
-Second oldest continuously existing zoo.

Philidelphia Zoo

"America's First Zoo" 1874

Conservation

actions that substantially enhance the survival of species and habitats, whether in nature or outside the natural habitat

In-situ

"in nature"

Ex-situ

"outside the natural habitat" (ex. zoos)

Flight restriction/ID Markers (5)

-Feather clipping
-Pinioning
-Ear notching
-Bands
-Scute notching