charactericss + functions + stem cells

4 features of plants

1. multicellular

2. have chloroplasts so they can photosynthesise

3. cell wall made of cellulose

4. store carbohydrates as starch/ sucrose

what does mrs gren stand for

movement

respire

sensitivity - respond to surroundings

growth

reproduction

excretion

nutrition

which living organisms are eukaryotic

plants, animals, fungi

4 features of animals

1. multicellular

2. no cell walls

3. nervous coordination - respond to changes in environment

4. store carbohydrates as glycogen

5 features of fungi

1. some are single-celled

2. some have a body called mycelium, which is made of hyphae- contains nuclei

3. cells walls made of chitin

4. feed by saprotrophic nutrition

5. store carbohydrates as glycogen

what is saprotrophic nutrition

secrete enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve food, so they can absorb nutrients

an example of plants, animals and fungi( single + multicellular)

plants - maize

animals - mammals

fungi - yeast (single), mucor (multi)

3 features of protocists

1. single celled

2. microscopic

3. some have chloroplasts sim to plants

2 examples of protocists ( plant + animal like)

chlorella (plant), amoeba (animal)

5 features of bacteria + example

1. single celled + microscopic

2. some can photosynthesise

3. no nucleus

4. circulae chromosome of DNA

5. feed off other organisms

example. - pneumoccoccus

5 features of viruses + example.

1. not living

2. smaller then bac

3. cant reproduce without a host - parastatic

4. lots of diff shaoes and sizes

5. protein coat around DNA

example - influenza virus

which organisms are pathogens + whats a pathogen

pathogen - organisms that cause disease

protocist → plasmodium, malaria

bacterium → pneumococcus, pneumonia

order of organisation in organisms

organelles

cells

tissues

organs

organ systems

function or the nucleus

contains genetic material that conteols cells activity

function if the cell membrane

controls what goes in and out the cell

function of cytoplasm

where chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes

functions of mitochondria

where aerobic respiration takes place

function of ribosomes

where proteins are made

function of chloroplasts (plant)

where photosynthesis happens using chlorophyll

function or the cell walls, made of what (plant)

supports + strengthens cell, made of cellulose

function of vacuole, what does it contain (plant)

supports cell, contains cell sap

3 differences for plants and animal cells

chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

what is tissue

a group of similar cells that work together to carry put a specific funciton

what does xylem vs phloem tissue transport

xylem - water and minerals

phloem - sucrose and amino acids

what is an organ

a group made of different tissues that work together to peform a function

example of specialised cell

red blood cells, white blood cells

what is cell differentiation

process which a cell changes to become specialises

what are undifferentiated cells called

stem cells

where are stem cells found

early human embryos, adults - bone marrow

what are stem cells used for

they can be grown in a lab to produce clones to use in medicine or researxh

2 advantages of stem cells-

1. used to cure disease - can replace faultt blood cells

2. embryonic stem cells also used to make insulin producing cells for people with diabetes

2 disadvantages of stem cells

1. risk of stem cells being contaminated with a virus, passed on to patient

2. some people believe embryos are a potential human life