ch 11 ~ urban development KNOX

semester 2

According to the second paragraph why has Egypt's population increased?

improved health care, dramatic drop in infant mortality, high total fertility, and longer life expectancy

Why has Egypt's food production decreased?

the city is growing and spreading onto valued farmland

What is Cairo like outside the city center?

the poor are crowded into many poorly constructed apartment houses, rooftop sheds, boats, or between tombs

Who lives in enclaves in Cairo?

the wealthy

What are the two broad categories of urban geography?

systems of cities, a city's internal arrangement

What is a city with a population over 10 million called?

megacity

According to figure 11.1: What causes housing shortages, unemployment, poverty and environmental deterioration?

rapid expansion of urban areas and populations

What is figure 11.2 b showing?

the trends of world urbanization as the world population grows larger throughout the years

What are the two least urbanized continents?

Africa and Asia

What spurred urbanization in Western Europe and North America?

industrialization

What is the reason people in still-developing countries are moving to the cities?

people are fleeing impoverished rural districts

Why will cities in high-income states experience multicultural expansion?

international migrants will seek opportunities in their cities

According to figure 11.3 what is the biggest city in South America?

Sao Paulo

What two cities in North America have over 15 million people?

Mexico City, New York

What country is Dhaka in?

Bangladesh

What is the biggest city in China?

Shanghai

When separate major urban complexes expand and eventually meet:

conurbation

The nearly continuous urban string that stretches from north of Boston to Washington, D.C.

Megalopolis

According to figure 11.4 where will virtually all future population growth take place?

in cities of developing countries

Look at table 11.1. How many of the 10 largest cities in 1900 were in MDCs? In 2025?

none; 7

What country is Karachi in?

Pakistan

According to figure 11.5 where is urban growth highest?

Africa, South Asia

What are the 3 most populated countries in South Asia (Not in the book)?

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

Look at table 11.2. What % of LDCs will be urban in 2030? MDCs?

55%, 81%

What became the near-universal rule with the advent of sedentary agriculture?

communal dwelling

What two words are often used for nucleated settlements?

villages, hamlets

According to figure 11.7 what is the rural settlement pattern found in Europe, North America, and Australia?

rural dispersal

Look at figure 11.6. Make up a name for the 4 other conurbations.

Midwest, Nor Cal, Southland, Valley of the Sun

According to figure 11.6, how many closely spaced metropolitan areas are there in the US/Canada?

7

How are cities contradictions?

they display the extremes of luxury and misery, beauty and squalor

The productive area surrounding a population center:

hinterland

Where were ancient cities often located? Why?

they were located on hilltops to make defense easier

What did industrialization accelerate?

the rate of urban growth

What were the conditions like for the working classes in many early industrial cities?

dreadful

What activities dominate post-industrial cities?

consumption and service sector activities

What problems have all cities experienced?

land use, social conflict, and environmental quality

Cities reflect the saving of time, energy, and money that the \____________ of people and activities provides.

agglomeration

In order for a city to adequately perform the tasks that support it and add new functions as demanded by the larger economy, a city must be \___________________.

efficiently located

What do geographers call terrain features associated with the city?

site

Where cargoes and people must interrupt a journey:

break-of-bulk

Relative location in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of surrounding areas:

situation

Is the site or situation more important in determining the function and growth potential of cities?

situation

Those products or services of an urban economy that are exported outside the city itself, earning income for the community:

basic sector

The manufacturing and service activities performed by the basic sector of a city's labor force:

economic base

Those economic activities of an urban area that supply the resident population with goods and services, have no "export" implication, and do not bring in wealth from outside the city.

nonbasic sector

Are service jobs usually basic or nonbasic?

nonbasic

The sum of an urban areas basic and nonbasic activities:

total economic structure of an urban area

Every basic sector job creates additional nonbasic jobs:

multiplier effect

What is it called when the growth of cities causes a chain reaction of additional economic activity?

circular & cumulative

According to figure 11.3, do smaller or larger settlements have a greater proportion of the workforce employed in nonbasic activities?

larger

List 7 functions modern cities take on.

manufacturing, retailing, wholesaling, transportation, public administration, housing cultural & educational institutions & the housing of their own citizens.

Cities engaged in mining or manufacturing with a need to be located where the raw materials occur.

special-function cities

An urban or other settlement node whose primary function is to provide goods and services to the consuming population of its hinterland:

central places

Where are specialized, higher-order expensive or unique commodities and skilled specialized services only found?

largest cities

To serve the rural populations, central places show size and spacing \__________________.

regularities

A deductive theory formed by Walter Christaller to explain the size and distribution of settlements through reference to competitive supply of goods and services:

central place theory

Why is central place theory less revenant in the southwestern U.S.?

the lack of water prevented a uniform rural settlement & urban growth is much more concentrated

An area outside of a city that is nevertheless affected by the city with no reference to political boundaries of the city.

urban influence zones

Give a specific example for the question above.

a large city located 100km (62 miles) away from a small city may influence that & other smaller communities through its baking services, RV stations, professional sports teams, & large shopping malls

(urban influence zones)

a large city located 100km (62 miles) away from a small city may influence that & other smaller communities through its baking services, RV stations, professional sports teams, & large shopping malls

A ranking of cities based on their size and functional complexity.

urban hierarchy

The few high-level metropolitan areas provide \__________ functions for \___________ regions.

specialized; large

One of a small number of interconnected, internationally dominant centers that together the control the global systems of finance and commerce.

world cities

What 3 cities are usually considered the three most dominant world cities?

New York, London, & Tokyo

An observed regularity in the city-size distribution of some countries. The population of any given town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy: that is, the nth ranked city will be 1/n the size of the largest city.

rank-size rule

According to rank size rule how large is the second largest city in comparison to the largest?

1/2

A city that is far more than twice the size of the second largest city.

primate city

What % of Thailand lives in Bangkok?

40%

One of two or more nearby cities, potentially or actually complementary in function, that cooperate by developing transportation links and communications infrastructure joining them.

Network city

Hong Kong is a network city with \_____________.

Guangzhou

The US Census Bureau describes an urban place as having at least how many inhabitants?

2,500 or more

A multifunctional nucleated settlement with a central business district and both residential and nonresidential land uses.

city

A nucleated settlement that contains a central business district but that is small and less functionally complex than a city.

towns

A functionally specialized segment of a large urban complex located outside the boundaries of the central city:

suburb

That part of the metropolitan area contained within the boundaries of the main city around which suburbs have developed.

central city

A continuously built-up urban landscape defined by building and population densities.

urbanized area

In the United States, a large functionally integrated settlement area comprising one or more whole country units and usually containing several urbanized areas; discontinuously built up, it operates as a coherent whole.

metropolitan area

The difference urban land use layouts were dominated by what 3 modes of transportation?

walking, mass transit systems, & automobile

What term is used to describe horse car, cable car, electric streetcar, and elected subway rail systems?

mass transit lines

What is the hub called where transit lines usually converge?

peak land value intersection

The nucleus or "downtown" of a city, where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated.

central business district (CBD)

The most accessible and costly parcel of land in the central business district and therefore, in the entire urbanized area.

peak land value intersection

In a market system, what determines the value of urban land?

by competitive bidding among potential users

Who are the least competitive bidders, left with the least accessible locations within the city?

low-density residences

According to 11.21, what type of housing is typical in intensive residential?

high density residential homes like apartments or condos

According to 11.21, the CBD is high density \________________.

commercial

When did automotive transportation become dominant in the movement of people and goods?

1940s

What happened to the population density curve as wealthy and middle class families moved away from the city center?

the zones shifted outward, flattening the density vs distance decay

What was the compact older mass transit city that was created prior to WWII succeeded by?

low-density, unfocused urban & suburban sprawl of the automobile city

What type of housing is typically found near commercial districts?

higher density housing like apartments, towns, houses, or condos

What two cities are examples of still having remnants of the walking city?

Old Quebec, Boston's Beacon Hill

What part of the US grew after mass transit lines dominated and are primarily influenced by automobile?

east & Midwest (mass transit); west & southwest (automobile)

Why are some geographers and planners arguing for a return to the transit-oriented pattern of urban growth?

for energy conservation & environmental sustainability

What part of the city displays intensive land with major shopping concentration, tall office buildings and streets crowded by pedestrians?

core of the CBD

A model describing urban land uses as a series of circular belts or rings around a core central business district, each ring housing a distinct type of land use.

concentric zone model

What is another name for the wholesale, light manufacturing area of cities?

zone of transition

As invasion and succession occurs in the concentric zone model, what direction do people tend to move?

outward

A description of urban land uses as wedge-shaped sectors radiating outward from the central business district along transportation corridors.

sector model

Who devised the sector model?

Hoyt

What do we call such things as lakeshore, large parks, prominent ridges or hills?

natural amenities