cross sectional test 2 (tumor markers, signs and symptoms)

what three things can tumor markers used to determine

reoccurence, diagnosis, chemotherapy regimen

what is an alpha fetoprotein test in simple terms

pregnancy test

an AFP test can be given for men with what cancer

seminoma or non seminoma

what cancer is CA19-9 related to

panceatic/biliary, colon, G.I

what cancers is CA125 most commonly used to diagnose

ovary, cervix, uterine and GI tract

what cancer is Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to diagnose

primarily colon

for what cancer is PSA (prostate specific antigen) used to diagnose

prostate

what are some general symptoms of neoplastic disease

loss of well being and cachexia (weight loss)

what are some neurologic symptoms of cancer

gating and memory issues

for what cancers can liver enlargement occur

GI metastasis and breast

what is ascites

fluid buildup in the gut

what are some areas of bleeding that can be seen from cancer

rectal, urinary tract and vaginal

what is thrombosis

blood clotting

what are some obstructions that can occur from cancer

airway or digestive tube

what are some respiratory symptoms that can occur from cancer

dyspnea and pneumonia

what is splenomegaly, for what cancer can it be seen

enlargement of spleen, leukemia

what is the most important risk factor and the most common initial symptom for lung cancer

smoking, cough

what is the most important risk factor for breast cancer and the most common initial symptom

family history, lump

what is the most important risk factor for colon cancer and the most common initial symptom

family history of chronic polyps, blood in stool

what is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer, what are the most common initial symptoms

promiscuity (in younger women), vaginal bleeding or spotting and painful intercourse

what is the most important risk factor and the most common initial symptom for uterine cancer

post menopausal hormonal imbalance and vaginal bleeding

what are the most important risk factors for skin cancer and the most common initial symptom

sun exposure and fair skin, and skin lesion

what is the most important risk factor for prostate cancer and the most common initial symptom

old age and dysuria

what is an oral sign of cancer

leukoplakia (white patches in mouth)

is there detection for ovarian or uterine cancers

no!

which type of skin cancer is easiest to remove

basal cell

what are 3 early signs of basal and squamous cell carcinoma

small papeles with telangiectasia (red veins), firm skin, patches of keratosis and staging

what are 3 late signs of basal and squamous cell carcinoma

loss of skin markings, change in pigment, hyperkeratosis

what type of skin lesions show very late

ulcerating lesions (open)

what are three things that happens as basal and squamous cell lesions grow

it ulcerates and bleeds, it may have a rolled border, crusty

what type of skin lesion is melanoma associated with

moles!

what are 3 early signs of melanoma

change in size, thickness or contour of an existing mole

what are 3 late signs of melanoma

tan or black lesions, itching, bleeding

what two signs are associated with more aggressive melanomas

itching and bleeding

what are 3 characteristics of lentigo maligna

flat, pigmented growth radically, penetrates vertically

what type of spreading is the most common for melanoma

superficial spreading

what is superficial spreading for melanomas

extends horizontally and vertically

what is nodular spreading for melanomas

they grow vertically, have a blue-black color and sharp delineation

what is the most common tumor marker

CEA