Changing places

Define location

Where a place is

How does "locale" differ from "location"?

takes into account the effects people have on their setting

What factors shape a locale?

The people, cultures, and customs within it

What is meant by "sense of place"?

The subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place

How do people develop a sense of place?

Through experience and knowledge of a particular area

Describe the descriptive approach on meaning of place

all places can be studied through a description of it's physical and human characteristics

Describe the social constructionist approach to meaning of place

Places are the product of social processes occurring at a particular time and place and this is what gives meaning to a place.

Describe Yi Fu Tuan's and Edward Relph's phenomenological approach to meaning of place

Places are defined by human experiences. It's the connection between place and person that transforms unknown spaces to familiar spaces.

Describe Doreen Massey's sense of place approach to meaning of place

Places are dynamic, with multiple identities and no boundaries. They're constantly changed and moulded by the outside influences of the wider world.

Describe Jon Anderson's cultural approach to meaning of place

Places are given meaning by the traces that exist in them - physical traces such as buildings and monuments and emotional traces such as events.

What is globalisation?

The process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange.

What do many believe globalisation has given rise to?

Placelessness - Where global capitalism has eroded local culture and localised identities

What is a response to globalisation?

Glocalisation

What is glocalisation?

- changing the design of products to meet local taste or laws

Give an example of a community fighting against globalisation

- Bristol Pound

- Totnes Vs Costa

What are three key factors in the importance of place?

- Identity

- Belonging

- Wellbeing

How is wellbeing promoted in places?

- Sociability - Friendliness

- Access - Connected

- Activities - Social

- Image - Clean/Safe

How is sense of belonging fostered in places?

-Community spirit

-Inclusivity

How is identity of place expressed at different scales?

-Local - emotional ownership

-Regional - Loyalty to a region

-National - Patriotism

How is identity of place enhanced?

Through knowledge and experience of a place

What is the insider perspective of a place?

The viewpoint from individual within a place, a person who lives there and has an experience of the place.

What is the outsider perspective of a place?

The viewpoint of someone who is not from the certain place, doesn't live there, has little or no experience of that place.

How does place help define a person's identity?

Through language, dialect, culture and life experiences

What factors may affect insider and outsider perspective on places?

The sense of attachment and belonging people have for a place and social, cultural and economic factors

What is gentrification?

the process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste.

What defines a near place?

A near place has a short geographical distance and emotional distance

What characterizes a far place?

A far place has geographical distance and limited personal experience

What is a media place?

a place that you've painted through the media i.e books, films

What is an experienced place?

Places that a person has spent time in

What is genius loci?

The spirit of a place. It suggests that every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere, based on everything for the location is made up of, now and in the past

What does place character refer to?

the specific qualities, attributes or features of a location that make it unique.

What are the two types of factors affecting the character of a place?

Endogenous factors (internal) and exogenous factors (external)

Define endogenous factors

Factors that originate internally within a place

List some endogenous factors

- Land Use

● Topography

● Physical Geography

● Infrastructure

● Demographic Characteristics

● Built Environment

● Economic Characteristics

Define exogenous factors

External influences on a place's identity

List some exogenous factors

Flows of:

- People

- Money and investment

- Resources

- Ideas

Overtime endogenous factors will be shaped by...

the changing flows of exogenous factors

List external factors that impact places

- Government policies

- Decisions of MNCs

- Global institutions

Give an example and impact of government policies on place

Knowles West Regeneration scheme - can attract businesses to places and stimulate positive multiplier effect

Give an example and impact of decisions of MNCs on place

2019 - Tata Steel closed site in Newport - Many job losses in area highly dependant on steel industry

Give example and impact of global institutions in place

UN's SDGs - Reduces inequality

What are the three agents of change in a place that attempt to manage the perception of place?

- Government

- Corporate bodies

- Communities and local bodies

What is place marketing?

Marketing or PR companies may be employed by national and local government to improve/create positive perceptions of place.

What does place marketing include?

Advertising campaigns and events

What is rebranding?

Changing the perceived image of a place to outsiders, as well as physically regenerating an area

What is regeneration in place?

Long term process involving redevelopment and the use of social, economic and environmental action to reverse urban decline and create sustainable communities.

What is reimaging?

Positively changes the standing and reputation of a place through specific improvements, usually involving cultural, artistic or sporting elements.

What are the 7 factors of the IMD?

income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing and services, living environments

What is geospatial data?

Data that has a location

What is important to consider when analysing geospatial data?

Reliability